Other Rad Equipment Final Lec 2

Question 1

Bone Densitometry is also known as a

Answer 1

bone density test or a DEXA (dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry) scan

Question 2

is a medical procedure used to measure bone mineral
density (BMD). This test helps assess bone health
and diagnose conditions like osteoporosis, a disease
that weakens bones, making them more prone
to fractures.

Answer 2

bone density test or a DEXA (dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry

Question 3

BMD means

Answer 3

bone mineral density

Question 4

For the instrumentation of bone densitometry, it provides ____ distinct energy levels for differentiation between bone and soft tissue.

Answer 4

two

Question 5

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) uses ___ X-ray beams to analyze bone density. A higher
BMD value indicates stronger bones, while lower values suggest conditions like osteoporosis.

Answer 5

two

Question 6

used to assess the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women.

Answer 6

DEXA scan

Question 7

uses X-rays to measure how much calcium and other minerals are packed into a bone, indicating its strength and thickness.

Answer 7

Bone densitometry

Question 8

Bone densitometry uses low or high dose xray?

Answer 8

Low-dose xray

Question 9

is primarily used to diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia (low bone density).

Answer 9

Bone densitometry

Question 10

is a medical imaging technique using low-dose X-rays to examine the breast, primarily for detecting breast cancer and other abnormalities. It plays a crucial role in early detection, allowing for timely diagnosis and
treatment.

Answer 10

Mammography

Question 11

Applies pressure to the breast to ensure uniform thickness and clearer imaging.

Answer 11

Compression Paddle

Question 12

Types of Mammography:

Answer 12

Screening Mammography
Diagnostic Mammography

Question 13

Used for regular check-ups in women with no symptoms to detect breast cancer early, often before it’s palpable.

Answer 13

Screening Mammography

Question 14

Used to investigate specific breast changes like a new lump, pain, or unusual skin changes, either noticed by the patient or found during a screening mammogram.

Answer 14

Diagnostic Mammography

Question 15

analyzes the mammogram for signs of cancer or other abnormalities, such as masses, microcalcifications (tiny calcium deposits), or asymmetries

Answer 15

Radiologist (specialized doctor)

Question 16

can detect breast cancer at an early stage, often before it’s large enough to be felt, increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Answer 16

Mammography

Question 17

The frequency of mammograms depends on individual risk factors and recommendations from healthcare providers, but generally, women between ___ and ____ should get annual mammograms, according to the American Cancer Society.

Answer 17

40 and 54

Question 18

uses electronic detectors instead of film, offering improved image quality and potentially lower radiation doses, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Answer 18

Digital Mammography

Question 19

is a subspecialty of radiology that uses minimally invasive, image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat various medical conditions. Instead of traditional surgery, __ doctors guide medical devices through tiny
openings in the body, using imaging techniques like X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the
area being treated. This allows for more precise treatment with less risk, pain, and recovery time
compared to open surgery.

Answer 19

Interventional radiology (IR)

Question 20

Continuous X-ray imaging provides real-time visualization during procedures.

Answer 20

Fluoroscopy

Question 21

are guided using fluoroscopic imaging, often for vascular interventions.

Answer 21

Catheters

Question 22

are injected to highlight structures like blood vessels.

Answer 22

Radiopaque Substances

Question 23

treats a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other medical problems.

Answer 23

IR

Question 24

can often be used as a substitute for traditional surgery, offering less risk, less pain, and shorter recovery times.

Answer 24

IR

Question 25

utilizes advanced techniques like embolization, catheterization, and biopsies to diagnose and treat diseases.

Answer 25

IR

Question 26

Interventional Radiology: Procedures are often done on an _______ basis, allowing for quicker recovery.

Answer 26

outpatient

Question 27

is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. These images can be used to diagnose a wide range of conditions, including fractures, tumors, and internal injuries.

Answer 27

CT scan, or computed tomography scan

Question 28

Data in computed tomography is reconstructed into ___ images using advanced algorithms.

Answer 28

3D

Question 29

provide more detailed images than regular X-rays, allowing doctors to see internal organs and structures in greater detail.

Answer 29

CT scans

Question 30

the patient lies on a table that moves through a donut-shaped scanner. The scanner takes multiple X-ray images, which are then processed by a computer to create cross-sectional images.

Answer 30

CT Scan

Question 31

Radiation exposure of CT Scan is?

Answer 31

Low

Question 32

is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy rays, like X- rays, to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It can be used alone or with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. The goal is to treat cancer while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.

Answer 32

Radiotherapy/ radiation therapy

Question 33

Radiation therapy uses _____ rays

Answer 33

high-energy

Question 34

Delivers focused beams of radiation to the tumor.

Answer 34

Linear Accelerator (LINAC)

Question 35

These scanners in radiation therapy are often used to guide treatment

Answer 35

CT or MRI

Question 36

This is the most common type radiotherapy, using a machine outside the body to direct radiation beams at the cancer site.

Answer 36

External beam radiation

Question 37

Radioactive material is placed inside the body near the cancer, delivering radiation from within.

Answer 37

Internal radiation (brachytherapy)

Question 38

Radioactive substances are given intravenously or orally to circulate through the bloodstream and target cancer cells.

Answer 38

Systemic radiotherapy

Question 39

uses radioactive substances, called radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases, providing doctors with information about organ function and helping them detect and target diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders. These radioactive tracers, often in the form of gamma rays, are administered to the patient and their movement and concentration within the body are tracked using specialized imaging equipment.

Answer 39

Nuclear Medicine

Question 40

Nuclear Medicine uses radioactive substances, called

Answer 40

radiopharmaceuticals

Question 41

These radioactive tracers, often in the form of ____, are administered to the patient and their movement and concentration within the body are tracked using specialized imaging equipment.

Answer 41

gamma rays

Question 42

Detects gamma rays emitted by radioactive tracers injected into the patient.

Answer 42

Gamma Camera

Question 43

uses a scanner to detect radiation emitted from injected radiotracers.

Answer 43

PET Scanner: Positron Emission Tomography

Question 44

is a medical imaging device used to visualize the distribution of radioactive tracers within the body. It detects gamma rays emitted from these tracers, producing images that reveal the function and structure of organs and tissues.

Answer 44

gamma camera, also known as a scintillation camera or Anger camera

Question 45

machine is a medical imaging device that combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans into a single machine. It's used to create detailed, three-dimensional images of the body, revealing both the structure and function of tissues and organs. The machine is typically a large, donut-shaped ring with a tunnel in the center where the patient lies down on a table that slides into the scanner.

Answer 45

PET-CT scan

Question 46

The most common radioisotope used in diagnosis is, ________, accounting for about 80% of all nuclear medicine procedures.

Answer 46

technetium-99m (Tc-99m)

Question 47

is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures. It's a non-invasive procedure that provides valuable information for diagnosing and treating a wide range of medical conditions.

Answer 47

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 48

MRI uses ________ to align protons in the body.

Answer 48

strong magnetic fields

Question 49

Sends and receives radio waves that interact with hydrogen atoms.

Answer 49

Radiofrequency Coils

Question 50

Vary the magnetic field to spatially encode the signal, creating detailed 3D images.

Answer 50

Gradient Coils

Question 51

Principles: MRI does not use ______ but instead relies on magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images, especially of soft tissues.

Answer 51

ionizing radiation

Question 52

is an imaging test that uses sound waves to make pictures of organs, tissues, and other structures inside your body. It allows your health care provider to see into your body without surgery

Answer 52

Ultrasound

Question 53

Ultrasound is also called

Answer 53

ultrasonography or sonography

Question 56

Ultrasound: A device called a ______ sends out high-frequency sound waves into the body, according to the FDA.

Answer 56

transducer