Other Reproductive Systems

Question 1

How is the ovum moved down a uterine tube?

Answer 1

Peristalsis and currents made by the ciliated epithelium

Question 2

Why does the secretory cells secrete nutrients?

Answer 2

For the ovum

Question 3

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 3

Ampulla

Question 4

Where does the ovum implant?

Answer 4

Uterus

Question 5

What is the ampulla lined with?

Answer 5

Simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells

Question 6

Both secretion and ciliogenesis is called?

Answer 6

Cyclic

Question 7

What cells line the isthmus of the uterus?

Answer 7

Secretory and ciliated cells

Question 8

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the ampulla region?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the isthmus region?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What is the uterine wall made up of?

Answer 10

Outer coat (Myometrium) and Inner coat (Endometrium)

Question 11

What can the endometrium be subdivided into?

Answer 11

Stratum Functionalis and Stratum Basilis

Question 12

What happens in the proliferation phase of the uterus?

Answer 12

Glands, stroma and vascular grow and increase the thickness of the endometrium

Question 13

What lines the tubular secretory glands?

Answer 13

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 14

What happens in the secretory phase of the uterus?

Answer 14

Glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance to secrete glycogen

Question 15

What happens in the menstrual phase of the uterus?

Answer 15

Arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood that results in tissue breakdown, bleeding and tissue sloughing

Question 16

What is the cervix?

Answer 16

A short cylinder with a lumen that projects into the upper vagina

Question 17

What is the cervix lined with?

Answer 17

Stratified squamous epithelium but transitions into simple columnar epithelium

Question 18

What is the transition zone in the cervix common of?

Answer 18

Dysplasia and neoplastic changes leading to cervical cancer

Question 19

What are the 4 layers of the vagina?

Answer 19

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia

Question 20

Are there glands in the wall of the vagina?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

How is the vagina lubricated?

Answer 21

By mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from thin-walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

Question 22

What is skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles overlying a substantial subcutaneous fat pad?

Answer 22

Mons Pubis

Question 23

What is an extension of mons pubis that is rich in apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands?

Answer 23

Labia Majora

Question 24

What is thin skin flaps, lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles, rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands, keratinised epithelium that extends into opening of vagina to the hymen and transitions to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 24

Labia Minora

Question 25

What contains 2 tubes of erectile vasculature tissue, covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath and covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis?

Answer 25

Clitoris

Question 26

How many lobes is the secretory tissue of the breast made up of?

Answer 26

15-25 lobes

Question 27

What does each lobe of the secretory breast consist of?

Answer 27

A compound tubule-acinar gland which drains via a series of ducts leading to the nipple

Question 28

What do terminal ductules lead into?

Answer 28

Intralobular collecting duct

Question 29

What does the Intralobular collecting duct lead into?

Answer 29

Lactiferous duct

Question 30

What does the lactiferous duct lead into?

Answer 30

Nipple through the lactiferous sinus

Question 31

What covers the nipple?

Answer 31

Highly pigmented keratinised squamous epithelium

Question 32

Does the nipple have a core of dense connective tissue or dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 32

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 33

What is the lactiferous duct lined with?

Answer 33

Stratified squamous epithelium but deeper is is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 34

What are the changes in the breast during menstrual cycle in the luteal phase?

Answer 34

Epithelial cells increase in height, the lumina of the ducts become enlarged with small secretions present

Question 35

What changes occur in the breast in the first trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 35

Elongation and branches of smaller ducts, proliferation of epithelial cells of the gland and myoepithelial cells

Question 36

What changes occur in the breast in the second trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 36

Glandular tissue continues to develop, secretory alveoli differentiation, infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes int he nearby connective tissue

Question 37

What changes occur in the breast in the third trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 37

Secretory alveoli maturation continues, development of extensive rER

Question 38

During pregnancy what stimulates proliferation of secretory tissue and fibrocartilage-fatty tissue which becomes sparse?

Answer 38

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 39

What is the composition of human breast milk?

Answer 39

``` 88% water 1.5% protein 7% carbohydrate 3.5% lipid Small quantities of ions, vitamins and IgA antibodies ```

Question 40

Most of the volume of the ejaculate in derived from what?

Answer 40

Seminal vesicles and the prostate glands

Question 41

What does the bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 41

Contribute a clear fluid that is released before ejaculation which helps lubricate the urethra

Question 42

What are the 3 segments of the urethra?

Answer 42

Prostatic, membranous and penile urethra

Question 43

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 43

The duct form the seminal vesicle joins the vas deferrers

Question 44

What are the spaces in the prostate lined with?

Answer 44

Heterogeneous secretory epithelium

Question 45

What lines the urethra?

Answer 45

Transitional epithelium

Question 46

What does the prostate produce?

Answer 46

A watery fluid that composes 1/3rd of the ejaculate

Question 47

The prostate gland is divided into which 3 regions?

Answer 47

Transitional zone, central zone and peripheral zone

Question 48

What has the urethra running through it?

Answer 48

Corpus Spongiosum

Question 49

How many corpora cavernosa is there?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

What is the difference between the Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum?

Answer 50

Corpus spongiosum contains more connective tissue that the cavernosa and so has less erectile function to aid the passage of semen through the urethra

Question 51

What is the penile urethra lined with?

Answer 51

Stratified columnar epithelium and then non-keratisised stratified squamous near the tip of the penis

Question 52

What are within the blood sinuses in erectile tissue?

Answer 52

Helicine arteries