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Other systems Flashcards

1
Q

Dependent Rubor

A

a condition of redness that appears when the extremity is placed in a dependent position and resolves with elevation
- most observed with PAD

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2
Q

Initial Contact

A
  • AKA Heel Strike
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3
Q

Loading Response

A

Foot Flat

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4
Q

Terminal stance

A

Heel off

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5
Q

Pre Swing

A

toe off

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6
Q

Initial Swing

A

Acceleration

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7
Q

Terminal Swing

A

Deceleration

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8
Q

What phases of the gait cycle are double limb support?

A

Initial Contact and Pre Swing

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9
Q

What percentage of the gait cycle is stance and what percentage of the gait cycle is swing?

A

60% stance
40% swing

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10
Q

What do the anterior muscles do in gait and who are they?

A

The anterior muscles propel us forward
- hip flexors
- knee extensors
- dorsiflexors
- abs

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11
Q

What do the posterior muscles do in gait and who are they?

A

The posterior muscles push us to leave the ground
- hip extensors
- hamstrings/knee flexors
- plantar flexors
- erector spinae

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12
Q

How much range of motion does the HIP need for each phase of gait?

A

Stance Phase: 0-30 knee flexion, 10-20 extension
Swing phase: 20-230 flexion

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13
Q

How much ROM does the KNEE need for each phase of gait?

A

Stance phase: 0-40 degrees of Flexion
Swing phase: up to 60 degrees of flexion

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14
Q

How much ROM does the ANKLE need for each phase of gait?

A

Stance Phase (0-10 DF) (0-20 PF)
Swing Phase (0-10 PF_

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15
Q

Signs and Sx of Metabolic Syndrome

A

Waist Size > 40 inches male and >35 inches female
Triglycerides > 150 mg/dl
Elevated BP (130/85 or more)
Fasting Blood Sugar > 100
HDL Cholesterol <50 (female), <40 (men)

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16
Q

HBA1C Levels

A

Pre-Diabetes 5.7-6.4
Diabetes > 6.5-7

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17
Q

Horners Syndrome

A

drooping of eyelid, lack of sweating, pupil constriction

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18
Q

Symptoms of a Pancoast Tumor

A

compression of paravertebral sympathetic nerves
hoarseness, atrophy, and weakness of muscles and hand

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19
Q

Kehr’s Sign

A

(+) Kehr Sign
pain in the left shoulder with pressure placed on the upper abdomen
- can be caused by perforation of viscus (stomach ulcer), laparoscopy, rupture of the spleen

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20
Q

Where will pancreatic pain refer to?

A

the right shoulder

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21
Q

What is a long-term complication of Type 1 DM?

A

Cardiac denervation syndrome which results in a fixed HR that is unresponsive to exercise, stress or sleep

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22
Q

Sx of Hypoglycemia

A

shakiness
weakness
abnormal swearing
nervousness
anxiety
tingling of moth and fingeres

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23
Q

Wagner Ulcer Classification System

A

Used for diabetic foot when neuropathy and ischemia are present
Grade 1: superficial ulcer
Grade 2: ulcer extension, involves lig, tendon, joint capsule, or fascia. no abscess or osteomylitis
Grade 3: abscess or osteomyelitis
Gangrene!

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24
Q

Typical IBS Pattern

A

LEFT lower quadrant pain
pain that disappears at night/with rest
abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea
relief with defecation

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25
Sx of Hyponatremia
low sodium levels nausea headache confusion fatigue
26
Sx of Hypokalemia
low potassium levels in blood feeling tired leg cramps constipation abnormal heart rhythm
27
Rhabdomyolysis Presentation
potentially fatal condition muscle disintegration increased creatine kinase (>145 female, > 170 male) tea/dark urine color liver failure aches cramps and soreness of muscles
28
Side Effects of Chemotherapy
fatigue anorexia nausea diarrhea ulcers hemorrhage bone marrow suppression anemia leukemia thrombocytopenia fatigue skin rashes neuropathies phlebitis hair loss
29
What is Murphy’s Sign?
Murphy’s sign is a test for cholecystitis It assesses the right upper quadrant by placing the patient in a supine position and placing your hands on the right upper quadrant at the inferior costal margin. The patient breathes in and the examiner palpates deeply in the subcostal region with the fingertips. Test = (+) if pt stops inspiring bc of pain or has pain
30
What is cholecystitis?
The blockage or impaction of gallstones in the cystic duct which leads to infection or inflammation of the gallbladder. Pt may feel steady severe pain that rapidly increases in intensity lasting several minutes to hours. May also experience nausea, vomiting, and fever
31
TMN
Tumor node metastasis - classifies cancer into stages the most common system for the body except the brain is TNM T refers to main tumor and describes size N refers to the lymph nodes and whether the cancer has spread there M indicates whether there is a distant metastasis fo the cancer
32
Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors/Criteria
Metabolic Syndrome is strongly associated with type 2 DM, CV, and stroke diagnosis made if 3 or more are present WEIGHHT WE: waist expansion, circumference >40 in men, >35 in women IG: impaired glucose, >100 (fasting glucose) H: Hypertension >/= 130 SBP >/= 85 DBP H: HDL (good cholesterol) <40 M, < 50 women T: triglyceride >150 mg/dL
33
Which hormones does the anterior pituitary gland release?
ACTH TSH FSH AND LH GH PROLACTIN
34
What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland release?
ADH/VASOPRESSIN OXYTOCIN
35
What does the parathyroid gland stimulate?
calcium and phosphate metabolism (direct relationship with calcium, inverse relationship with phosphate)
36
Addison's Disease
Hypofunction of the adrenal gland cortisol and aldosterone are decreased Signs and Sx include - LOW BP - dehydration - inflammation - Hyperkalemia (aldosterone Kicks it out) - low glucose - bronze skin - weight loss and anorexia - intolerance to cold or stress (STRESS IS HIGH) - generalized weakness
37
Cushing's Disease
- cushing's disease is a hyperfunction of the adrenal gland so there is hella cortisol and aldosterone SX INCLUDE - hypokalemia - increased glucose - ruddy appearance - larger tummy (centripetal obesity) moon face - proximal muscle weakness - prone to infection, osteoporosis, humps in the back, poor wound healing
38
What is Cushing's syndrome?
a problem in the adrenal cortex whereas disease is a problem in the pituitary gland So if there is too much ACTH this is from the anterior pituitary and its cushing's disease not syndrome
39
Sx of Hyperthyroidism
TOO MUCH OF EVERYTHING GOING ON - weight loss due to inc. metabolism - heat intolerance - sweaty - diarrhea - increased glucose absorption (low blood sugar) - hyperreflexia - fatigue bc their body is going too crazy - insomnia and restlessness --> can't slow down - increased heart rate and lower diastolic blood pressure but higher systolic Grave's Disease Expopthalmos: their eyeballs be bulging
40
Sx of Hypothyroidism
Not enough the metabolism is too slow - weight gain - higher blood sugar - cold intolerance - sleepy, tired, muscle weakness - constipation - DRY AS HELL nails are breaking - decreased sweating - delayed reflexes - Hashimoto's Myxedema: uncontrolled hypothyroidism leads to puffiness and swelling of hands and feet
41
Hyperparathyroidism
Elevated calcium and decreased serum phosphate --> increased calcium in the blood Sx BONES: osteopenia, fx, arthralgia STONES: kidney stones GROANS: tummy pain, peptic ulcers, nausea/vomiting MOANS: fatigue, don't want to get up, depression, confusion SENSORY: stocking/glove sensory deficits
42
Hypoparathyroidism
Low calcium and high serum phosphate CATS Are NUMB C- convulsions A- arrhythmias T- tetany S- spasms - muscle weakness, paresthesia of mouth, fingertips
43
Dx of DM
Fasting Glucse > 126 mg/dL Random Blood Glucsoe > 200 mg/dL HbA1C: >8%
44
HbA1C
average of blood glucose over last 3 months 4-6% normal Between 6-10 DM >10% immediate insulin therapy
45
Signs of Hypoglycemia
<70 glucose Sweating pallor shakiness poor coordination/unsteady gait tachycardia, palpitations excessive hunger Later you'll see slurred speech, confusion, even coma "cold and clammy give me a candy"
46
Signs of Hyperglycemia
Hot and dry is a sugar high - weakness - dry mouth -PPP: polydispia, polyuria, polyphagia - signs of diabetic ketoacidosis - excessive thirst - late signs can also include coma - >300 glucose
47
Exercise Precautions for patients with DM
avoid exercise during peak insulin hours (2-4) apply insulin in abdomen or non-active extremity reduce insulin dosage post exercise no extreme temperatures
48
Safe blood glucose to exercise
101-250
49
Can you exercise a patients with DM whose blood sugar is 70-100?
only if you give them a carbohydrate snack first and then check their BG, if higher proceed
50
When to not exercise a patient with DM
BG <70 or greater than 300
51
FITT Principle for DM
Frequency: 3-7 days per week Intensity: 11-13 RPE can build to 17 Time: 150 mins per week can progress to 300 Type: moderate intensity aerobic with larger muscle groups
52
Functional incontinence
due to mobility, dexterity, or cog deficits treat with clearing clutter, improve accessibility, prompted voiding
53
Treatment of Stress Incontinence
strengthen levator ani muscles
54
Overflow Incontinence Treatment
behavioral modification like double voiding, medication, catheterization key word: dribbling, underactive detrusor
55
Hyponatremia Sx
headache cramps lethargic confusion
56
Hypernatremia Sx
Thirst (polydipsia) irritable vascular collapse ataxia seizures
57
Hypokalemia Sx
EKG Changes Dec. cardiac muscle contractility LEG cramps weakness dizziness hypotension
58
Hyperkalemia Sx
EKG changes muscle weakness paresthesias nausea
59
Hypocalcemia Sx
tetany osteopenia anxiety/confusion cardiac arrhythmias numbness fatigue
60
Hypercalcemia Sx
cardiac arrythmias stupor/coma weakness decreased deep tendon reflexes lethargy
61
INR
1.0 Normal Therapeutic Range 2.0-3.0 >4 NO
62
Absolute Contraindications for Exercise in Pregnancy
Type 1 DM Preeclampsia Restrictive Lung Disease severe anemia
63
Appendicitis Tests
Rebound tenderness (Blumberg's Sign) McBurney's Point Rovsing's Sign Psoas Sign Obturator Sign Markle's Sign Pinch an inch on the RIGHT * pinch an inch on the left = diverticulitis

NPTE (7 decks)

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