Other Terms

Question 1

Content Meaning

Answer 1

the concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message and the emotions

Question 2

Relationship Meaning

Answer 2

what a message conveys about the relationship between the parties

Question 3

Channel

Answer 3

the means through which a message istransmitted

Question 4

Noise

Answer 4

any stimulus that can interfere with, or degrade, the quality of a message

Question 5

Feedback

Answer 5

the response to a message

Question 6

Communication Ethics

Answer 6

the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and received

Question 7

Paradigm

Answer 7

belief system that represents a particular worldview

Question 8

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 8

when an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will

Question 9

Stereotype Threat

Answer 9

process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance

Question 10

Self-Concept

Answer 10

the understanding of one’s unique characteristics as well as the similarities to, and differences from, others

Question 11

Perception

Answer 11

the processes of selection, organization, and interpretation of the information we collect through our senses

Question 12

Selective Attention

Answer 12

consciously or unconsciously attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available

Question 13

Interpretation

Answer 13

the act of assigning meaning to sensory information

Question 14

Instrumental - Function of Language

Answer 14

use of language to obtain what you need or desire

Question 15

Regulatory - Function of Language

Answer 15

use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others

Question 16

Informative - Function of Language

Answer 16

use of language to communicate information or report facts

Question 17

Heuristic/Gain Knowledge - Function of Language

Answer 17

use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding

Question 18

Interactional Personal Language - Function of Language

Answer 18

use of language to establish and define social relationships

Question 19

Imaginative - Function of Language

Answer 19

use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively

Question 20

Messages

Answer 20

the building blocks of communication events

Question 21

Conversational Rules in Verbal Communication

Answer 21

govern the ways in which communicators organize conversation.

Question 22

Contextual Rules in Verbal Communication

Answer 22

Communication depending on the setting

Question 23

Some Influences on Verbal Communication are:

Answer 23

Identity, gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, race, location, education

Question 24

Cocultural Theory

Answer 24

explores the role of power in daily interactions

Question 25

Power and Verbal Communication

Answer 25

Attitudes about power can be built into language by certain roots or by the very structure of the language

Question 26

Hate Speech

Answer 26

use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category

Question 27

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 27

nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning

Question 28

Nonverbal Behavior

Answer 28

all the nonverbal actions people perform

Question 29

Some Barriers to Listening are:

Answer 29

Physical, Psychological, Conflicting Objectives, Poor Habits

Question 30

Diaspora

Answer 30

group of immigrants, sojourners, slaves, or strangers living in new lands while retaining strong attachments to their homelands

Question 31

Heterogeneous vs Homogenous Culture

Answer 31

diverse vs same

Question 32

Culture Shock

Answer 32

a feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues

Question 33

Reverse Culture Shock

Answer 33

culture shock experienced by travelers upon returning to their home country

Question 34

Collectivistic Orientation

Answer 34

a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group

Question 35

Individualistic Orientation

Answer 35

a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals

Question 36

Dichotomous Thinking

Answer 36

thinking in which things are perceived as “either/or”—for example, “good or bad,” “big or small,” “right or wrong”

Question 37

Cocultural Group

Answer 37

a significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns

Question 38

Social Penetration Theory

Answer 38

a theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in selfdisclosure

Question 39

Predicted Outcome Theory

Answer 39

a theory that attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion

Question 40

Knapp's Stage Model

Answer 40

model of relationship development that views relationships as occurring in “stages” and that focuses on how people communicate as relationships develop and decline

Question 41

Turning Point Model

Answer 41

a model of relationship development in which couples move both toward and away from commitment over the course of their relationship

Question 42

Ending Relationships

Answer 42

Sudden Death or Passing Away

Question 43

Interpersonal Violence

Answer 43

physical violence against a partner or child

Question 44

Sexual coercion

Answer 44

physically nonviolent pressure to engage in unwanted sex

Question 45

Grouphate

Answer 45

the distaste and aversion that people feel toward working in groups

Question 46

Primary Groups

Answer 46

groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection

Question 47

Secondary Groups

Answer 47

groups that meet principally to solve problems

Question 48

Group Roles

Answer 48

the shared expectations group members have regarding each individual’s communication behavior in the group

Question 49

Strategic Communication

Answer 49

communication that is purpose directed

Question 50

Functional Theory

Answer 50

a theory that assumes leadership behaviors can be learned

Question 51

Shared Leadership

Answer 51

a type of leadership style where functional leadership is extended to an organizational level; all members are equal partners and share responsibility for the work of the group

Question 52

Authoritarian Leadership

Answer 52

leader who takes charge, makes all the decisions, and dictates strategies and work tasks

Question 53

Democratic Leadership

Answer 53

leader whose style is characterized by considerable input from group members

Question 54

Laissez-faire Leadership

Answer 54

a leadership style characterized by complete freedom for the group in making decisions

Question 55

Transformational Leadership

Answer 55

a leadership style that empowers group members to work independently from the leader by encouraging group cohesion

Question 56

Charismatic Leadership

Answer 56

a leadership style in which extremely self-confident leaders inspire unusual dedication to themselves by relying upon their strong personalities and charm

Question 57

Servant Leadership

Answer 57

a leadership style that seeks to ensure that other people’s highest priority needs are being served in order to increase teamwork and personal involvement

Question 58

Assimilation

Answer 58

the communicative, behavioral, and cognitive processes that influence individuals to join, identify with, become integrated into, and (occasionally) exit an organization

Question 59

Organizational Identification

Answer 59

the stage of assimilation that occurs when an employee’s values overlap with the organization’s values

Question 60

Cyberbullying

Answer 60

the deliberate and repeated misuse of communication technology by an individual or group to threaten or harm others