Other Viral Infection Flashcards
What causes slapped cheek syndrome?
Parvovirus B19
AKA erythema infectiosum
When is slapped cheek syndrome common? Transmission?
Clinical features?
Spring time
Transmission is via respiratory secretions from affected patients, by vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of infected blood products
Fever, malaise, headache, myalgia,
Slapped cheek rash a week later progressing to maculopapular rash, lace like rash on trunk and limbs.
What can HPV B19 also cause?
Symptomatic infection
Erythema infectious
Aplastic crisis - occurs in children with chronic haemolytic anaemia where there is an increased rate of red cell turnover and in immunocompromised children who are unable to produce an antibody response to neutralise virus.
Fetal disease - fetal hydros and death due to severe anaemia
Hand foot and mouth disease: Cause? Transmission Time of year? Clinical features? Management?
Coxsackie A16 or other enteroviruses
Faecal oral and respiratory droplet trasmission
Summer and autumn time
Fever, sore throat
ORal ulcers
Vesicles on palms and soles of feet, tongue and often on buttocks
Management: Supportive Hydration Analgesa Reassurace no like to cattle Children do not need to be excluded from school
What are clinical features of measles?
Koplik spots
White spots on buccal mucosa seen against bright red background
Rash
Spreads downwards from behind ears to the whole of the body
Discrete maculopapular rash initilly, becomes blotchy and confluent
Conjunctivitis with coryza
Cough
How does measles spread?
What is treatment for measles?
Droplet spread
Highly infectious dragon viral shedding
10-14 incubation
Supportive treatment
Isolation
Ribavarin in immunocompromised
Vitamin A in Low income countries due to deficiency leading to impaired cell mediated immunity
What are complications of measles?
Encephalitis
Subacute Slcerosing Panencephalitis - loss of neurological function progressive
When does mumps occur? Transmission? How does it spread in the body?
Winter/spring months
Droplet infection to the respiratory tract where the virus replicates within epithelial cells.
The virus gains access to the parotid glands before further dissemination to other tissues
Clinical features of mumps? Complications
Incubation of 15-24 days Fever Malaise Parotitis - swollen face Earache or pain on eating and drinking Redness and swelling of parotid duct. Plasma amylase elevated Pancreatic involvement if abdo pain
Hearing loss can rarely follow mumps
Orchitis - unilateraly
When does rubella occur? Incubation? Transmission? Clinical features? Risk?
Winter/spring
15-20 days
Respiratory spread
Low grade fever
MAculopapular rash on face and then spreading to whole body
Fades in 3-5 days
Lymphadenopathy - sub occipital and post auricular nodes
Can cause severe damage to fetus.
What is Kawasaki disease? Age affected? Clinical features?
Systemic vasculitis
6 months to 4 years peak at 1 year
Fever > 5days Conjunctivitis Mucous membrane changes Strawberry tongue, cracked lips Cervical lymphadenoapthy Rash - polymorphous Extermities - red and oedmatoru then peeling
Inflammation in BCG scar
What investigations in Kawasaki?
CRP, ESR and WCC raised with platelet count that rises in 2nd week of illness
ECHO for coronary artery aneurysm at 6 weeks
What is a crucial complication of Kawasaki disease?
Coronary artery aneurysms - subsequent narrowing of vessels from scar formation can result in MI
Management of Kawasaki disease?
Prompt IV immunoglobulins within first 10 days
Aspirin reduces risk of thrombosis at high anti inflammatory dose, and continued at low dose until echo at 6 weeks for aneurysms.
Warfarin therapy if CAA
Nay require corticosteroids, Infliximab
