Otology Flashcards
(25 cards)
Sound not transmitted through outer/middle ear
Conductive hearing loss
Sound not interpreted by inner ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
Test comparing bone conduction to air conduction. A negative result is suggestive of conductive hearing loss. A positive result does not rule out sensorineural hearing loss
Rinne’s tuning fork test
Test for hearing lateralisation. With sensorineural hearing loss, sound will lateralise to the opposite side. With conductive the sound will lateralise to the same side as the hearing loss
Weber’s test
Hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, aiding in the determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing
Pure tone audiogram
An examination used to test the condition of the middle ear and mobility of the eardrum by creating variations of air pressure in the ear canal
Tympanogram
Blood collection in ear tissue. If left unresolved leads to damage of cartilage causing cauliflower ear appearance
Auricular haematoma
Inflammation of external ear
Otitis externa(steroidal treatment => antimicrobial ear drops)
Osteomyelitis of temporal bone seen in elderly diabetic patients with pain in ear, usually pseudomonas infection
Malignant otitis externa (treat with antibiotics)
(a) Fluid secretion into middle ear lumen causing a build up of non-infectious fluid in middle ear cavity
(b) treatment for this condition
(a)Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)
(b) Grommets
In children is caused by eustacian tube not being fully developed. In adults need to thick of pathology blocking the eustacian tube
Bacterial infection of the middle ear, can lead to tympanic membrane rupture
Acute otitis media, most episodes will recover without antibiotics, only treat if persistent
Eustacian tube dysfunction causing tympanic membrane retraction and build up of skin around it. Will have persistant smelly discharge from the ear
Cholestaetoma, should have a referral to ENT. Treatment is mastoidectomy to remove the excess skin
Chronic inflammation of middle ear and mastoid cavity
Chronic suppurative otitis media, complications include facial nerve weakness and brain abscess
Deposits of calcium in the tympanic membrane
Tympanosclerosis, causes no symptoms and requires no treatment
Stapes begins to fuse with the surrounding bone, eventually becoming fixed so it can’t move => sound is no longer transmitted into the inner ear efficiently
Otosclerosis
High frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older
Presbycusis
Ototoxic medication that can cause hearing loss
Gentamycin
Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss requires which investigation for suspicion of which condition?
MRI for vestibular schwannoma
What are the 5 main diagnoses for vertigo
Benign positional vertigo, menieres disease, vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, migraine
Vertigo will be precipited by specific changes in head position. The investigation for this is (a)……….. the treatment is (b)…………… the condition is called (c)……………..
(a) Dix-Hallpike test
(b) Epley manoeuvre
(c) Benign positional vertigo
Two conditions cause spontaneous vertigo where dizziness can last for days, typically patient has a few episodes. Motion can provoke vertigo if vestibular canals are damaged by the infection.
(a) has no other associated symptoms
(b) associated with unilateral hearing loss
(a) vestibular neuritis
(b) Labyrinthitis
Acute treatment would be vestibular sedatives, vertigo persists then vestibular rehabilitation
Spontaneous vertigo with unilateral hearing loss, lasts a few hours and happens every few days/weeks/months. Hearing loss is fluctuating and progressive
Meniere’s disease
The four drugs that can be used to treat Meniere’s disease are:
- betahistine
- bendrofluazide
3 intratympanic dexamethasone - intratympanic gentamicin
Not as characteristic a presentation as other forms of vertigo but will have other migraine symptoms, although these do not have to occur at the same time as the vertigo
Migraine related vertigo.
Advise to avoid possible migraine triggers, and possible use of prophylactic treatment
