OTPF 4th Edition Flashcards
1
Q
Occupational Therapy
A
The therapeutic use of everyday life occupations with persons, groups, or populations (the client) for the purpose of enhancing or enabling participation.
2
Q
Occupational Therapy Practitioner
A
Both OTs and OTAs
3
Q
Groups
A
A collection of individuals having shared characteristics or a common or shared purpose
4
Q
Populations
A
Aggregates of people with common attributes such as contexts, characteristics, or concerns, including health risks
5
Q
Community
A
A collection of population that is changeable and diverse and includes various people, groups, networks, and organizations
6
Q
Client
A
Refers to persons, groups, and populations
7
Q
Domain
A
Outlines the profession’s purview and the areas in which its members have an established body of knowledge and expertise
8
Q
Process
A
Describes the actions practitioners take when providing services that are client centered and focused on engagement in occupations
9
Q
Overarching Statement
A
Achieving health, well-being, and participation in life through engagement in occupation
10
Q
Health
A
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity
11
Q
Well-Being
A
A general term encompassing the total universe of human life domains, including physical, mental, and social aspects
12
Q
Participation
A
Engagement in desired occupations in ways that are personally satisfying and congruent with expectations within the culture
13
Q
Engagement in Occupation
A
Performance of occupations as a result of choice, motivation, and meaning within a supportive context
14
Q
Cornerstone
A
Something of great importance on which everything else depends
15
Q
Occupations
A
The everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families, and with communitites to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life.
Personalized and meaningful engagement in daily life events by a specific client
16
Q
Activity
A
A form of action that is objective and not related to a specific client’s engagement or context and, therefore, can be selected and designed to enhance occupational engagement by supporting the development of performance skills and performance patterns
17
Q
Occupational Performance
A
The accomplishment of the selected occupation resulting from the dynamic transaction among the client, their contexts, and the occupation
18
Q
Co-Occupations
A
Two or more individuals sharing a high level of physicality, emotionality, and intentionality
Can be parallel or shared
19
Q
Interdependence
A
Reliance that people have on one another as a natural consequence of group living
20
Q
Context
A
The environment and personal factors specific to each client that influences engagement and participation in occupations
21
Q
Environmental Factors
A
Aspects of the physical, social, and attitudinal surroundings in which people live and conduct their lives
22
Q
Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to the Environment
A
Animate and inanimate elements of the natural or physical environment and components of that environment that have been modified by people, as well as characteristics of human populations within that environment. Engagement in human occupation influences the sustainability of the natural environment, and changes to human behavior can have a positive impact on the environment.
23
Q
Products and Technology
A
Natural or human-made products or systems of products, equipment, and tehcnology that are gathered, created, produced, or manufactured
24
Q
Support and Relationships
A
People or animals that provide practical physical or emotional support, nurturing, protection, assistance, and connections to other persons in the home, workplace, or school or at play or in other aspects of daily occuptions
25
Attitudes
Observable evidence of customs, practices, ideologies, values, norms, factual beliefs, and religious beliefs held by people other than that client
26
Services, Systems, and Policies
Beliefs, structured programs, and regulations for operations provided by institutions in various sectors of society designed to meet the needs of persons, groups, and populations
27
Personal Factors
Unique features of a person that are not part of a health condition or health state and that constitute a particular background of the person's life and living
28
Personal Factor Components
Chronological age
Sexual orientation (sexual preference, sexual identity)
Gender identity
Race and ethnicity
Cultural identification and attitudes
Social background, social status, and socioeconomic status
Upbringing and life experiences
Habits and past and current behavioral patterns
Psychological assests, temperment, unique character traits, and coping styles
Education
Profession and professional identity
Lifestyle
Health condititions and fitness status
29
Occupational Justice
A justice that recognizes occupational rights to inclusive participation in everyday occupations for all persons in society, regardless of age, ability, gender, social class, or other differences
30
Performance Patterns
The aquired habits, routines, roles, and rituals used in the process of engaging consistently in occupations and can support or hinder occupational performance
31
Time Management
The manner in which a person, group, or population organizes, schedules, and prioritizes certain activities
32
Time Use
The manner in which a person manages their activity level, adapts to changes in routines, and organizes their days, weeks, and years
33
Habits
Specific, automatic adaptive or maladaptive behaviors
34
Routines
Established sequences of occupations or activities that provide a structure for daily life. These can also promote or damage health
35
Roles
Sets of behaviors expected by society and shaped by culture and context
36
Rituals
Symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning
37
Performance Skills
Observable, goal-directed actions and consist of motor skills, process skills, and social interaction skills
38
Motor Skills
How effectively a person moves self or interacts with objects, which includes positioning the body, obtaining and holding objects, moving self and objects, and sustaining performance
39
Process Skills
How effectively a person organizes objects, time and space, which includes sustaining performance, applying knowledge, organizing time, organizing space and objects, and adapting performance
40
Social Interaction Skills
How effectively a person uses both verbal and nonverbal skills to communicate, which includes initiating and terminating, producing, physically supporting, shaping content of, maintaining flow of, verbally supporting, and adapting social interaction
41
Client Factors
Specific capacities, characteristics, or beliefs that reside within the person, group, or population and influence performance in occupation.
42
Values
Principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile by the client who holds them
43
Belief
Something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion
44
Spirituality
A deep experience of meaning brought about by engaging in occupations that involve the enacting of personal values and beliefs, reflection, and intention within a supportive contexutal environment
Dynamic and often evolving
45
Body Functions
Physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
Examples: the sensory, musculoskeletal, mental ( affective, cognitive, perceptual) cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine functions
46
Body Structures
Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components
Example: the heart and blood vessels tha support cardiovascular function
47
Occupational Therapy Process
The client-centered delivery of occupational therapy services. The three-part process includes 1) evaluation and 2) intervention to achieve 3) targeted outcomes and occus within the purview of the occupational therapy domain
48
Service Delivery Approaches
Used when providing skilled occupational therapy services, of which intra- and interprofessional collaborations are a key component
49
Direct Services
Provided directly to clients using a collaborative approach in settins such as hospitals, clinics, industry, schools, homes, and communities
Include interventions completed when in direct contact with the client through various mechanisms such as meeting in person with a client, leading a group session, and interacting with clients and families through telehealth systems
50
Indirect Services
Practitioners providing consultation to entities such as teachers, multidisciplinary teams, and community planning agencies
Occupational therapy practititioners can advocated indirectly on behalf of their clients at the person, group, and population levels to ensure their occupational needs are met.
51
Additional Approaches
Also direct or indirect
| Examples: case management, telehealth, episodic care, and family-centered care approaches
52
Occupational Analysis
Performed with the understanding of the specific situation of the client and therefore the specific occupations the client wants or needs to do is in the actual context in which these occupations are performed
53
Activity Analysis
Generic and decontextualized in its purpose and serves to develop an understanding of typical activity demands within a given culture.
54
Therapeutic Use of Self
Allows occupational therapy practitioners to develop and manage their therapeutic relationship with cliens by using professional reasoning, empathy, and a client-centered, collaborative approach to service delivery
55
Empathy
The emotional exchange between occupational therapy practitioners and clients that allow more open communication, ensuring that practitioners connect with clients at an emotional level to assist them with their current life situation
56
Professional Reasoning
Reasoning that occus in all settings
57
Evaluation
Focused on finding out what the client wants and needs to do, determining what the client can do and has done, and identifying supports and bbarriers to health, well-being, and participation
58
Occupational Profile
A summary of a client's occupational history and experiances, patterns of daily living, interests, values, needs and relevant contexts
59
Occupational Performance
The accomplishment of the selected occupation resulting from the dynamic transaction among the clients, their contexts, and the occupation
60
Analysis of Occupational Performance
The client's ability to effectively complete desired occupation is identified
61
Health Promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
62
Intervention Plan
Directs the actions of occupational therapy practitioners, describes the occupational therapy approaches and types of interventions selected for use in reaching clients' targeted outcomes
63
Intervention Implementation
The process of putting the intervention plan into action and occurs after the initial evaluation process and development of the intervention plan
64
Intervention Review
The continuous process of reevaluating and reviewing the intervention plan, the effectiveness of its delivery, and progress toward outcomes
65
Outcomes
Emerge from the occupational therapy process and describe the results clients can achieve through occupational therapy intervention
66
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs)
Any report of the status of a patient's health condition that comes directly from the paitent, without interpretation of the patient's response by a clinician or anyone else
Can be used as a subjective measures of improved outlook, confidence, hope, playfullness, self-efficacy, sustainability of valued occupations, pain reduction, resilience, and perceived well-being
67
Transition
Movement from one life role or experience to another
68
Discontinuation
Occurs when the client has met short- and long-term goals or chooses to discontinue receiving services
69
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Activities oriented toward taking care of one's own body
70
ADL Occupations
```
Bathing, showering
Toileting and toilet hygiene
Dressing
Eating and Swallowing
Feeding
Functional Mobility
Personal hygiene and grooming
Sexual Activity
```
71
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
Activies that support daily life within the home and community
72
IADL Occupations
```
Care of others ( including selection and supervision of caregivers)
Care of pets and animals
Child rearing
Communication management
Driving and community mobility
Financial management
Home establishment and management
Meal preparation and cleanup
Religious and spiritual expression
Safety and emergency maintenance
Shopping
```
73
Health Management
Activities related to developing, managing, and maintaining health and wellness routines, including self-management, with the goal of improving or maintainig health to support participation in other occupations
74
Health Management Occupations
Social and emotional health promotion and maintenance
Symptom and condition management
Communication with the health care system
Medication management
Physical activity
Nutrition management
Personal care device management
75
Rest and Sleep
Activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other occupations
76
Rest and Sleep Occupations
Rest
Sleep preparation
Sleep participation
77
Education
Activities needed for learning and participation in the educational environment
78
Education Occupations
Formal educational participation
Informal personal educational needs or interst exploration (beyond formal education)
Informal educational participation
79
Work
Labor or exertion related to the development, production, delivery, or management of objects or services; benefits may be financial or nonfinancial
80
Work Occupations
```
Employment interests and pursuits
Employment seeking and acquisition
Job performance and maintenance
Retirement preparation and adjustment
Volunteer exploration
Volunteer participation
```
81
Play
Activities that are intrisically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may include suspension of reality, exploration, humor, risk taking, contests, and celebrations. Play is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that is shaped by sociocultural factors
82
Play Occupations
Play exploration
| Play participation
83
Leisure
Nonobligatory activity that is intrisically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, time not commited to obligatory occupations such as work
84
Leisure Occupations
Leisure exploration
| Leisure participation
85
Social Participation
Activities that involve social interaction with others, including family, friends, peers, and community members, and that support social interdependence
86
Social Participation Occupations
```
Community participation
Family participation
Friendships
Peer group participation
Intimate partner relationships
```
87
Natural Environment and Human-Made Changes to the Environment Components
```
Physical geography
Population
Flora and fauna
Climate
Natural events
Human-caused events
Light
Time-related changes
Sound and vibration
Air quality
```
88
Products and Technology Components
Food, drugs, and other products or substances for personal consumption
General products and technology for use in daily living
Personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation equipment used by people in activities requiring movement inside and outside of buildings
Communication
Education
Employment
Cultural, recreational, and sporting activities
Practice of religion and spirituality
Indoor and outdoor human-made environments that are planned, designed, and constructed for public and private use
Assets for economic exchanges, such as money, goods, property, and other valuables that an individual owns or has rights to use
Virtual environments occuring in simulated, real-time, and near-time situations, absent of physical contact
89
Support and Relationships Components
Immediate and extended family
Friends, acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbors, and community members
People in positions of authority and those in subordinate positions
Personal care providers and personal assistants providing support to individuals
Domesticated animals
90
Attitudes Components
Individual attitutes of immediate and extended family, friends and acquaintances, peers and colleagues, etc.
Societal attituted, including discriminatory practices
Social norms, practices, and ideologies that marginalize specific populations
91
Services, Systems, and Policies Components
Services designed to meet the needs of person,s groups, and populations
Systems established by government at local, regional, national, and international levels or by other recognized authorities
Policies constituted by rules, regulations, conventions, and standards established by governments at all levels
92
Specific Mental Functions
```
Higher-level cognition
Attention
Memory
Perception
Thought
Mental functions of sequencing complex movements
Emotional
Experience of self and time
```
93
Global Mental Functions
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Consciousness
Orientation
Psychosocial
Temperment and personality
Energy
Sleep
```
94
Sensory Functions
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Visual functions
Hearing functions
Vestibular functions
Taste functions
Smell functions
Proprioceptive functions
Touch functions
Interoception
Pain
Sensitivity to temperature and pressure
```
95
Functions of Joints and Bones
Joint mobility
| Joint stability
96
Muscle Functions
Muscle power
Muscle tone
Muscle endurance
97
Movement Functions
Motor reflexes
Involuntary movement reactions
Control of voluntary movement
Gait patterns
98
Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory System Functions
Cardiovascular system functions
Hematological and immuniological system functions
Respiratory system functions
Additional functions and sensations of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
99
Voice and Speech Functions; Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine System Functions; Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions
Voice and speech functions
Digestive, metabolic, and endocrine system functions
Genitourinary and reproductive functions
100
Skin and Related Structure Functions
Skin functions
| Hair and nail functions
101
Occupation and Activity Demands
The components of occupations and activities that occupational therapy practitioners consider during the professional and clinical reasoning process
102
Relavance and Importance
Activity: General meaning of the activity within the culture
Occupation: Meaning the client derives from the occupation
103
Objects Used and Their Properties
Tools, supplies, equipment, and resources required in the process of carrying out the activity or occupation and their inherent properties
104
Space Demands
Physical environmental requirements of the activity or occupation
105
Social Demands
Elelments of the social or attitudinal environments that may be required by the activity or occupation
106
Sequencing and Timing Demands
Process required to carry out the activity or occupation
107
Required Actions and Performance Skills
Actions (performance skills- motor, process, and social interaction) required that are inherent part of the activity or occupation
108
Required Body Functions
Physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions) required to support the actions used to perform the activity or occupation
109
Required Body Structures
Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components that support body functions and are required to perform the activity or occupation
110
Occupations and Activities
Selected as interventions for specific clients are designed to meet therapeutic goals and address the underlying needs of the client's mind, body, and spirit
Occupations
Activities
111
Interventions to Support Occupations
Methods and tasks that prepare the client for occupational performance are used as a part of a treatment session in preparation for or concurrently with occupations and activities or provided to a client as a home-based engagement to support daily occupational performance
```
PAMs and mechanical modalities
Orthodics and prosthetics
Assistive technology and environmental modifications
Wheeled mobility
Self-regulation
```
112
Education and Training Occupations
Education
| Training
113
Advocacy
Efforts directed toward promoting occupational justice and empowering clients to seek and obtain resources to support health, well-being, and occupational participation
Advocacy
Self-advocacy
114
Group Intervention
Use of disticnt knowledge of the dynamics of group and social interaction and leadership techniques to facilitate learning and skill acquisition across the life span. Groups are used as a method of service delivery
Functional groups, activity groups, task groups, social groups, and other groups
115
Virtual Intervention
Use of simulated, real-time, and near-time technologies for service delievery absent of physical contact, such as telehealth or mobile health
Telehealth
mHealth
116
Approaches to Interventions
Specific strategies selected to direct the evaluation and intervention processes on the basis of the client's desired outomes, evaluation data, and research evidence
117
Create, promote (Health Promotion)
An intervention approach that does not assume a disability is present or that any aspect would interfere with performance
118
Establish, Restore (Remediation, Restoration)
Approach designed to change client variables to establish a skill or ability that has not yet developed or to restore a skill or ability that has been impaired
119
Maintain
Approach designed to provide supports that will allow clients to preserve the performance capabilities that they have regained and that continue to meet their occupational needs
120
Modify (Compensation, Adaptation)
Approach directed at "finding ways to revise the current context or activity demands to support performance in the natural setting, including compensatory techniques such as enhancing some features to provide cues or reducing other features to reduce distractibility
121
Prevent (Disability Prevention)
Approach designed to address the needs of clients with or without a disability who are at risk for occupational performance problems
122
Improvement
Increased occupational performance through adaptation when a performance limitation is present
123
Enhancement
Development of performance skills and performance patterns that augment existing performance in life occupations when a performance limitation is not present
124
Prevention
Education or health promotion efforts designed to identify, reduce, or stop the onset and reduce the incidence of unhealthy conditions, risk factors, diseases, or injuries
125
Wellness
Active process through which individuals become aware of and make choices toward a more successful existence
126
Quality of Life
Dynamic appraisal of the client's life satisfaction, hope, self-concept, health and functioning, and socioeconomic factors
127
Role Competence
Ability to effectively meet the demands of the roles in which one engages
