Ottoman empire Flashcards
1
Q
5 Pillars
A
- confession of faith (Allah is only God, Muhammad is prophet of God)
- have to pray 5 times a day
- giving alms to poor
- fasting on Ramadan
- the hajj
2
Q
Muhammad
A
- visited by Angel Gabriel on Mt. Hira
- founder of Islam
- his revelations written by followers, make up Quran
- captured Mecca eventually with followers he gained in Medina
- turned Kaaba into monotheistic mosque
3
Q
Hijra
A
- Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina
- starting point of Muslim era
4
Q
Quran
A
- holy scripture of Islam
- revelations of Prophet Muhammad and considered by Muslims to be true words of God, Allah
- main goal was to proclaim oneness and sovereignty of God
5
Q
Sultan
A
-political, military and religious leader of Muslim land (leader of Ottoman Empire)
6
Q
Mehmet II
A
- sultan that conquered Constantinople
- transformed city into imperial Ottoman capital; cleaned everything up, adapted everything to Ottoman ways, built public facilities with wealthy people’s money
7
Q
Constantinople*
A
- conquered by Mehmet II
- transformed into Ottoman capital
8
Q
Suleiman I*
A
-extended Ottoman jurisdiction to its widest extent
9
Q
Timars
A
-landed estates
10
Q
Harem*
A
- sacred place
- separate part of Muslim house where the women (wives, concubines) lived
11
Q
Concubines
A
- mistress for Ottoman men
- had lower status than wives
- if got pregnant by sultan, got better status/salary
- raised daughter until marriage, son until 10
12
Q
Hürrem*
A
- started as concubine of Suleiman, but he liked her so much he made her his legal wife- breaking tradition
- trusted a lot by Suleiman
13
Q
Devshirme*
A
- system of human taxation from 15th to 19th century
- young christian boys were taken away from their families in the Balkans and made into property of the sultan in order to become part of the army or gov’t administration
14
Q
Janissaries
A
- recruited boys that formed sultan’s army
- household servants
15
Q
Ottoman decline
A
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