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A) Higher Physics > Our dynamic universe > Flashcards

Our dynamic universe Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Scalar

A

A quantity defined by its magnitude

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2
Q

Vector

A

A quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction

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3
Q

Where a scalar has distance a vector has

A

Displacement

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4
Q

Where a scalar has time a vector has

A

Velocity

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5
Q

Where a scalar has speed a vector has

A

Acceleration

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6
Q

Where a scalar has energy a vector has

A

Force

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7
Q

Where a scalar has mass a vector has

A

Momentum

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8
Q

Distance

A

The distance an object has traveled is simply a measure of how far the object travels.
The direction is irrelevant

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9
Q

Where a scalar has displacement a vector has

A

A measure of how far the finlay point is from the starting point
Has magnitude and direction

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10
Q

Speed=

A

Distance

Time

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11
Q

Velocity

A

Displacement

Time

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12
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change in velocity

Time taken

U=v-a
T

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13
Q

Acceleration is measured in…

A

Meters per second

Ms^-2

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14
Q

Newtons first law

A

An object will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant speed (in a straight line) unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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15
Q

What are the consequences of newtons first law

A 
Constant speed (including stationary)= balanced forces
Acceleration must involve unbalanced forces
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16
Q

Forces are balanced if….

A

They are equal in size but opposite in direction

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17
Q

Newtons second law

A 
F=ma
Where
F= unbalanced force in newtons (N)
M= mass in kg
a= acceleration
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18
Q

In F=ma if m increases….

A

a decreases

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19
Q

In F=ma if F increases…

A

a increases

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20
Q

Newtons third law

A

Concerning equal forces, If A exerts a force on B, then B exerts an equal but opposite force

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21
Q

Distance

A

The total path length described by magnitude alone

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22
Q

Displacement

A

Is the direct length from a starting point to a finishing point
To describe displacement both magnitude and direction must be given

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23
Q

Average velocity

A

Displacement

Time

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24
Q

Velocity has….

A

Magnitude and direction

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25
Displacement and velocity have direction as well as magnitude and are hence....
Vectors
26
Distance and speed do not have direction but do have magnitude and are hence...
Scalars
27
In a velocity time graph, displacement is....
The area under
28
In a velocity time graph, acceleration is....
The gradient
29
In equations, S stands for...
Displacement (m)
30
In equations, U stands for...
Initial velocity (ms^-1)
31
In equations, V stands for...
Final velocity (ms^-1)
32
In equations, A stands for...
Acceleration (ms^-2)
33
In equations, T stands for...
Time (s)
34
V=..
U+at
35
S=...
Ut+1/2 at^2
36
When adding two vectors in the same direction together the resultant is equal to....
Their sum
37
When adding two vectors in the opposite direction together the resultant is equal to....
Their differences
38
In F=ma what is F
The resultant or unbound force measured in newtons, N
39
In F=ma what is m
The mass in kilograms, kg
40
In F=ma what is a
The acceleration measured in meters per second per second, ms^-2
41
In W=mg what is W
The weight measured in neutrons
42
In W=mg what is m
The mass measured in kilograms, kg
43
In W=mg what is g
The gravitational field streangth in newtons per kilogram, Nkg ^-1
44
Unbalanced force =
Thrust-frictional forces
45
When a person stands on a scale the reading is.....
The force the scale exerts toward the person to support the persons weight
46
When a person on a scale experiences acceleration....
It will change to the force between the person and the scale
47
Objects are known to accelerate down inclined planes because of...
An unbalanced force
48
Momentum
Mass x velocity | (P=mxv
49
Momentum is measured in
Kgms^-1
50
Is momentum vector or scalar
Vector
51
The law of conservation of momentum
When two objects collide the total momentum/explosion before the collision is equal to the total momentum/explosion after the collision in the absence of external forces
52
Impulse
FxT
53
Impulse is measured in ...
Neutons per second Ns
54
The area under a force time graph corresponds to.....
The change in momentum, the impulse
55
Newtons law of gravitation
M1m2 F=G——- r^2
56
Universal constant of gravitation
6.67x10^-11m^3kg^-1s^-2
57
Special Relativity
Explains hie space snd time are linked for objects that are moving at a constant speed in a straight line the speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers
58
Time dilation
Due to the effects of special Relativity the moving clock measures a shorter time than the stationary clock
59
Time dilation equation
t t’=—————- |————— \| 1-(v/c)^2
60
The Doppler effect
The apparent change in frequencies of a wave caused by relative motion between the sound wave and the observer
61
Formula for the doppler effect
V f.=f,(—————-) |————— \| v +/- Vs
62
Due to the doppler effect, if the source of a sound is moving towards an observer....
The frequency increases | The wavelength decreases
63
Due to the doppler effect, if the source of a sound is moving away an observer....
The frequency decreases | The wavelength increases
64
Hubbels Law
V=H•d
65
In hubbels law v is...
The velocity of a receding galaxy
66
In hubbels law d is...
The distance to the galaxy
67
In hubbels law H• is...
Hubbels constant | 2.3x10^-18s^-1
68
Dark matter
Galaxies seem to rotate too quickly for the mass of their stars Suggests that there is mass in the universe that is invisible to instruments used by scientists Know it is there because it has gravity that affects objects nearby Must make up 21% of the universe
69
Dark energy
Galaxies are moving away increasingly faster. The expansion of the universe is accelerating Scientists do not understand how this could happen but have come up with dark energy Must make up 74% of the universe
70
The higher the temperature of an object.....
The shorter the peak wavelength of its spectrum
71
Which is hotter blue or red stars
Blue
72
Hotter objects emit....than cooler objects
More radiation per unit area per unit time t
73
Describe evidenced supporting the Big Bang theory
Cosmic microwave background radiation The abundance of hydrogen and helium The darkness of the sky ( obleis paradox The large number of galaxies showing redshift rather than blue shift

A) Higher Physics (2 decks)

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