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Question 1

how many Safe Operation Systems you have in refinery

Answer 1

1) pressure relive system
2) Air Emission Monitoring
3) water Emission monitoring
4) Solid Waste Monitoring

Question 2

The relief device has a set point pressure which is below the maximum allowable working pressure ( T or F )

Answer 2

T

Question 3

The pressure is the percentage increase above MAWP……………………………

Answer 3

Accumulation

Question 4

pressure is the percentage increase in pressure above a set point

Answer 4

over pressurization

Question 5

MAWP

Answer 5

maximum allowable working pressure

Question 6

give me Sources of Air Emissions and example ( 737)

Answer 6

1) Combustion Emissions
2) Equipment Leak Emissions ( Fugitive Emissions)
3) process vent emission

example

1) heater stack gas – co ,co2 , Nox
2) flaring co,co2,NOX
3) catylatic regeneration
4) Fugitive Emissions h2s

Question 7

give me Sources of water Emissions and example

Answer 7

1) cooling water
2)Process Wastewater
3) Surface Water Runoff

example
1) Amines
2) COD
3) BOD
4) H2S , Mercaptans

Question 8

COD

Answer 8

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Question 9

BOD

Answer 9

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Question 10

Approximately 3.5-5 cubic meters of wastewater per ton of crude are generated ( T or F )

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Refineries generate solid wastes and sludges ranging from 3 to 5 kg per ton of crude processed. ( T or F)

Answer 11

T

Question 12

Refinery solid wastes are typically in the form of

Answer 12

sludge

Question 13

………………… is generated from Petroleum Refineries gravitational separation of oil/water/solids during the storage or treatment of process wastewaters. ………………… is also generated from cooling waters segregated for treatment from other process or oily cooling waters

Answer 13

sludge

Question 14

give me Sources of solid Wastes

Answer 14

1) Crude oil/desalted sludge
2) Coke dust
3) Spent catalysts
4) Neutralized alkylation sludge
5) Heat exchanger sludge
6) Tank bottom sludge

Question 15

Environmental impacts of Desalting

Answer 15

Purpose of Desalting: remove corrosive salts along with some of the metals and suspended solids from crude oil before processing.

1) Air Emissions: CO, SOx, NOx
2) Effluent to Water: Oil, H2S, NH3
Amount of wastewater produced = 2.1 Gal/Bbl crude oil processed
3) Residual waste generated: Sludge contains salts, iron rust, clay, sand, me

Question 16

Environmental impacts of Distillation

Answer 16

Purpose of Distillation: To separate the ingredients of crude oil into several valuable products.

1) Air Emissions: CO, SOx, NOx
2) Effluent to Water: Oil, H2S, NH3
3) Amount of wastewater produced= 26 Gal/Bbl crude oil processed
4) Residual waste generated: Typically little or no residual waste generated.

Question 17

Environmental impacts of Coking

Answer 17

To produce distillate naphtha and gas oils from heavy residuum.

1) Air Emissions: CO, SOx, NOx,
2) Effluent to Water: H2S, NH3
3) Amount of wastewater produced= 1.0 Gal/Bbl crude oil processed
4) Residual waste generated: Coke dust (Carbon particles and hydrocarbons).

Question 18

Environmental impacts of Heat Exchanger Cleaning

Answer 18

Purpose of Heat Exchanger Cleaning is to remove fouling from the inside surfaces of heat exchangers.

1) Air Emissions: Periodic fugitive emissions (hydrocarbons
2) Effluent to Water: Oily wastewater generated
3) Residual waste generated: Heat exchanger sludge

Question 19

Environmental impacts of Storage Tanks

Answer 19

Purpose of Storage Tanks is to store refinery feedstock and products.

1) Air Emissions: Fugitive emissions (hydrocarbons)
2) Effluent to Water: Water drained from tanks contaminated with tank contents.
Residual waste generated: Tank bottom sludge

Question 20

Air emissions are more difficult to capture than wastewater or solid waste. (T or F )

Answer 20

T

Question 21

air emissions are the largest source of untreated wastes released to the environment ( T or F )

Answer 21

T

Question 22

The categories for pollution management of waste are:

Answer 22

Estimation of emissions
Waste treatment and control
Waste minimization and prevention

Question 23

NOx Emission Treatment

Answer 23

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems, Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) systems

Question 24

VOC Emission Treatment:

Answer 24

incineration in a CO boiler

Question 25

CO boiler Emission Treatment:

Answer 25

incinerators or boilers generally oxidize 95% or more of the CO emissions to carbon dioxide Wet gas scrubbing (WGS) technology allows refiners to meet FCC emission regulations.

Question 26

WGS

Answer 26

Wet gas scrubbing

Question 27

Waste Management ( Wastewater )

Answer 27

Primary 1) separation of hydrocarbons from wastewater by gravity separation or skimming , filtration 2) Acidic wastewater is neutralized using ammonia or soda ash. 3) Alkaline wastewater is treated with sulphuric acid, carbon dioxide-rich flue gas or sulphur Secondary Treatment Oily water is segregated into two streams: low (160–250 ppm) and high oil content (>250 ppm). 1) The low stream no further treatment. 2) A high oil stream is treated using API oil/water separator followed by dissolved air floatation (DAF) separator 3) Activated carbon is used to remove heavy hydrocarbons from light organic gas streams in the refinery. 4) Removal of soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic contaminants from refinery wastewater streams is performed by employing ultra-filtration and membrane separation. 5) The high oil content water goes into a second stage, which utilizes physical or chemical methods to separate emulsified oils from the wastewater

Question 28

DAF

Answer 28

dissolved air floatation

Question 29

Tertiary Treatment Operations

Answer 29

These treatments include chlorination, ozonation, ion exchange and activated carbon adsorption Compressed oxygen is diffused into wastewater streams to oxidize certain chemicals or to satisfy regulatory oxygen-content requirements.

Question 30

3. Solid Waste

Answer 30

Treatment of these wastes includes incineration, land treating off-site, land filling on-site, land filling off-site and other treatment methods