Outcome 1 Notes: Ch.1 Orientation to the Human Body Flashcards
(41 cards)
Study the structure of the body
Anatomy
Study how the body functions
Physiology
Study processes that disturb normal function
- “diseased functioning”
Pathology
Situs inversus
Organs are reversed
Hierachy organization within the body
- simple to complex (8 items)
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems
- Organism
11 organ systems
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Urinary
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Circulatory
- Digestive
- Reproductive
4 functions of the integumentary system
- includes skin, hair, nails
- Protection
- Regulate temperature
- Water retention
- Sensation
3 functions of the skeletal system
- include bones, cartilage, ligaments
- Protect organs
- Support movement (attachment site of muscles)
- Blood formation
3 functions of the muscular system
- includes muscles
- Movement
- Posture
- Heat production (shivers)
3 functions of the lymphatic system
- includes lymph, nodes, vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils
- Fluid balance
- Produce immune cells
- Defense against disease (immunity)
4 functions of the respiratory system
- includes nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
- Oxygen absorption
- Carbon dioxide discharge
- Acid/base balance
- Speech
5 functions of the urinary system
- includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- Excrete wastes
- Regulate blood volume + pressure
- Fluid balance
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid/base balance
3 functions of the nervous system
- includes brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
- Control, regulation, coordinate other systems
- Sensation
- Memory
2 functions of the endocrine system
- includes pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids + other organs
- Hormone production
- Control + regulate other systems
4 functions of the circulatory system
- includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
- Distributes oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, antibodies
- Fluid balance
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid/base balance
2 functions of the digestive system
- includes stomach, small + large intestine, esophagus, lover, mouth, pancreas
- Breakdown + absorbs nutrients
- Elimination of waste
2 functions of the male reproductive system
- includes testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis
- Produce + deliver sperm
- Secrete sex hormones
5 functions of the female reproductive system
- includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breast
- Produce egg
- Fertilization + fetal development
- Birth
- Lactation
- Secrete sex hormones
Describe the anatomical position
- Standing erect
- Arms at side
- Face, palm + feet facing forward
Medial
Towards midline
Lateral
Away from midline
Distal
Farther
Proximal
Closer
Superior
Above
