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PE 1/2 > OUTCOME 3 - cardio + respiratory system > Flashcards

OUTCOME 3 - cardio + respiratory system Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What does the cardiorespiratory system consist of?

A

heart, blood vessels, and lungs

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2
Q

The main function of the cardiorespiratory system

A

To deliver oxygen to the body and remove waste products like carbon dioxide

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3
Q

Respiratory system: Lungs

A
  • where gaseous exchange occurs
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4
Q

Respiratory system: Diaphragm

A

inspiration - contracts and moves downwards
expiration - relaxes and forms a dome shape

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5
Q

Respiratory system: Trachea (windpipe)

A
  • carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs
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6
Q

Respiratory system: Alveoli

A
  • tiny air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place
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7
Q

Respiratory system: Pleura

A
  • thin membrane around the lungs that reduces friction during breathing
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8
Q

Function of respiratory system

A
  • air from atmosphere to lungs
  • transferring O2 to bloodstream
  • removing CO2 from the blood
  • creates speech via vocal cords
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9
Q

Pathway of oxygen into the respiratory system

A
  1. mouth/nose
  2. pharynx
  3. larynx (vocal cords)
  4. trachea (windpipe)
  5. bronchi (L and R)
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveoli
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10
Q

Inspiration

A
  1. intercostal msucles and diaphragm contracts
  2. ribs move up and out while diaphragm contracts + moves down
  3. thoracic activity increases causing pressure in lungs to decrease
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11
Q

Expiration

A
  1. intercostal msucles and diaphragm relax
  2. ribs drop + diaphragm forms a dome shape
  3. thoracic activity decreases and air pressure increases
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12
Q

Process of gaseous exchange in alveoli

A
  • Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood (high to low concentration)
  • CO2 moves from blood into alveoli and then is exhaled (low to high concentration)
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13
Q

cardiovascular system function

A
  • blood flow around the body
  • transports O2, H2O and nutrients to body cells
  • transportation of wastes (CO2)
  • The regulation of body temperature
  • Fighting disease (white blood cells)
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14
Q

what is apart of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels
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15
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

blood flow between the heart and lungs

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16
Q

Systemic circuit

A

blood flow between the heart and the body

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17
Q

heart structure

A
  • 4 chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricle)
  • divided by septum
  • involuntary muscle
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18
Q

left pump vs right pump

A

left - oxygenated blood (red)
right - deoxygenated blood (blue)

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19
Q

valves

A
  • Mitral/Bicuspid valve - left side
  • Tricuspid valve - right side
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20
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood (oxygenated) away from the heart

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21
Q

Capillaries

A

allow the exchange of gases, nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.

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22
Q

Veins

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A

carry blood (deoxygenated) back to the heart

23
Q

4 types of blood cells

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A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
  • plasma
24
Q

Red blood cells

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A
  • made in bone marrow of long bones
  • carry hameoglobin
  • transport O2 + CO2 to and away from cells and muscles
25
White blood cells
- fight infection - made in bone marrow of long bones
26
Platelets
- cause blood clots - made in bone marrow of long bones
27
Plasma
- provodes cells with nutrients (protein, glucose) and antibodies - during exercise: removes waste products
28
Stroke Volume (SV)
amount of blood pumped out of the heart's left ventricle with each beat - ml/beat
29
Cardiac output (Q) (and equation)
the amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute - L/min - HR x SV = Q
30
Heart Rate (HR)
the speed at which the heart beats
31
HR, Q and SV on graphs
HR - increases Q - increase bc HR increases SV - reaches maximum (plateau)
32
Thermoregulation
Temperature homeostasis
33
Physiological mechanisms to cool down
- sweating (sweat glands release sweat which cools as it evaporates) - vasodilation (widening/opening of blood vessels to allow blood flow) - redirecting blood flow
34
Acclimatisation training
Increasing tolerance time in heat
35
Physiological mechanisms to warm up
- shivering (skeletal muscles contract to generate heat) - vasoconstriction (blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow) - redirecting blood flow
36
Cardiovascular system acute response to exercise
INCREASED: HR, SV, Q, systolic blood pressure, blood flow, vasodilation, a-VO2 difference
37
Heart rate (HR) and physical activity
- increases to allow more oxygen in muscles and release carbon dioxide - increases linearly, then returns to resting level after
38
Stroke volume (SV) and physical activity
- increases to allow more oxygen to the muscles for more energy - plateau on the graph
39
Cardiac output (Q) and physical activity
- increases since SV and HR both increase
40
Lung capacity
max volume of air after inspiration - L (litres)
41
Vital capacity
max air exhaled after max inhalation - L (litres)
42
Tidal volume
air inhaled and exhaled per breathe - L/breathe
43
Residual Volume
air left in lungs after max expiration - L (litres)
44
Respiratory rate (RR)
number of breaths per minute - breathe/min
45
Ventilation (VE) and equation
amount of air moved in and out per minute - L/min RR x TV = VE
46
Respiratory responses to exercise
- Breathing increases to meet O2 demand - Oxygen deficit happens at the start or at high intensity. - Steady state = oxygen supply meets demand.
47
VO² max (maximum volume of oxygen uptake)
- shows how good your body is at using oxygen to make energy - can't be sustained for long periods (fatigue easy) - males have higher than females bc of lung capacity/size
48
Diffusion (what and where)
movement of molecules from a high to low concentration area - alveoli/capillaries in the lungs - capillaries/muscles within the body
49
Gaseous exchange at the lungs
1. Inspiration of air, air travels to the alveoli 2. Oxygen moves from the alveoli (high concentration) into the capillaries (low concentration). 3. O2 attches to haemeoglobin and is transported to muscles + other cells in the body 4. Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the alveoli and is breathed out (expiration)
50
alveoli
microscopic air sacs connected to the airways that carry air in and out to them - hold a network of capillaries
51
Gaseous exchange at the muscle (cell) site
1. Oxygen-rich blood travels to the muscles for energy. 2. Muscles have low oxygen, so oxygen diffuses from the capillaries. 3. Muscles make carbon dioxide as a waste product. 4. Carbon dioxide moves into the blood and is carried to the lungs to be breathed out.
52
Does blood volume increase or decrease during exercise?
decrease, because plasma in the blood is being used up for sweat
53
aVO2 difference
is a comparison of the amount of oxygen in the arteries with the amount of oxygen in the veins.

PE 1/2 (3 decks)

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