Outer & Middle Ear Flashcards
(26 cards)
Condyle
- Protrusion of the mandible
- Below osseocartilaginous junction
- TMJ if mandible sits incorrectly
Microtia
deformity of the outer ear
Down Syndrome
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Anotia
pinna is absent
Down Syndrome
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Atresia
Lack of ear canal
Treacher collins
CHARGE syndrome
Some because of trauma or burn
Stenosis
Narrowing of ear canal
No hearing loss, just excessive cerumen
External Otitis
external ear infection
Exostoses
bony growth in ear canal
Myringitis
inflammation of TM
Otomycosis
fungal external ear infection
Myringoplasty
surgical repair of TM
Tympanosclerosis
thickening of TM
Don’t respond well to surgical treatment
Negative Pressure
Middle Ear Disorder
Treated By:
Politzerization – one nostril, MD blows opposite
Valsalva – most common
Toynbee maneuver – close jaw & swallow
Otitis Media
Barotrauma
Middle Ear Infection
Types:
Purulent (pus-producing) = bacteria
Suppurative = painful pus, increased body temp
Mastoiditis = pus cannot escape, invade mastoid space
Chronic vs acute
hemotympanum
Antibiotic treatment Dormant OM Meniscus – visible through the TM PE Tubes Tympanosclerosis Mucous OM = glue
Cholesteatoma
Subluxation – partial dislocation of ossicular chain
History of ear infections
Continual regrowth
Mastoidectomy
Mastoiditis- bone must be scraped clean
Creates large concha bowl in pinna
Tympanoplasty
ossicular bones
Myringoplasty- simplest form
Subluxation – partial dislocation of ossicular chain
Facial Palsy
Bell’s Palsy
Facial Weakness
Dry Eye
Altered Taste
Hyperacusis
Patulous Eustachian Tube (PET)
Eustachian tube is chronically open Autophony – head in a barrel feeling Voice is perceived as loud Chewing and breathing sounds loud “occlusion effect” Pregnant / birth control Working out / body weight changes
Otosclerosis
Prominent in white women over 30, during pregnancy or menopause
Bony growth or hardening of stapes footplate
Becomes fixed in the oval window
Conductive hearing loss
Tinnitus
Hear better in background noise
Most common fix: stapedectomy or HAs
SISN HL- Sudden Idiopathic Sensorineural HL
30 dB loss at least 3 octaves
Autoimmune, Viral, or other infection
Blood supply
Steroid treatment
Menniere’s Disease
Unilateral- fluctuating HL
Many “causes”- mostly undetermined
Biggest impact failure to understand speech
Typically unilateral; tinnitis at lower pitch; fluctuates in “attacks”
Four Questions:
Roaring tinnitus,
aural fullness
dizziness
trouble with speech recognition
Cochlear hydrops: over secretion and under absorption of endolymph
When fluid builds in cochlear duct, pressure & tinnitus increase
Causes swelling; cause of full feeling; typically no dizziness; otherwise similar to Meniere’s
Hearing aids restore loudness for safety in the environment; understanding is not helped by aids
superior olivary complex (SOC) and inferior colliculus
Two important crossovers for auditory impulse/nerve
8th Nerve HL - Acoustic neuritis
Inflammation of the 8th nerve
8th Nerve HL - Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Disease where immune system eats away the protective covering of the nerve
