Outline 13: Velopharynx, Nasopharynx, Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
Velopharynx is…
A
opening between the mouth and nose
2
Q
velum and soft palate closes this opening(velopharynx) so we can…
A
a. Impound oral pressure for speech
b. Hold thoracic air pressure for
i. Vomiting, voiding, coughing, clearing, lifting, the usual
3
Q
what are the muscles of the soft palate?
A
levator veli palatine tensor veli palatine uvulus palatopharyngeus innervation
4
Q
what is levator veil palatine?
A
muscle of soft palate:
• Most important muscle of velar closure (Trigeminal, CN V)
• Arises from temporal bone; base of skull
• Inserts on a midline Raffey
• Primarily elevates
5
Q
what is tensor veil palatine?
A
muscle of soft palate: • Untwists Eustachian tube (opens it) • Arises from Torus tubarius • Wraps around the Hamulus • Innervated by Trigeminal; CN V
6
Q
what is uvulus?
A
muscle of soft palate: • Arises from hard palate • Helps pick up velum • Helps form velum eminence • Sucking • Swallowing • Where cleft palate can occur • Affects speech
7
Q
what is palatopharyngeus?
A
muscle of soft palate:
• From velum; attaches below
• Can be damaged during tonsillectomy
8
Q
what is innervation?
A
muscle of soft palate:
• Vagus innervates most of these muscles
• Innervated by Trigeminal
9
Q
what is the role of the velum?
A
to close the opening between the mouth and nose
• Velum comes down from nose for breathing
10
Q
what is closure pattern on velum?
A
- Closure pattern makes a difference if velum is cleft (aka cleft palate)
- Genetic
- Cannot be trained to change shape
11
Q
what is coronal of closure pattern (velum)?
A
- Relies on movement of the velum
- Velum moves up and back
- Closure in coronal plane
- Hyper nasal
- Most common
- AP closure (moves from anterior to posterior)
12
Q
what is sagittal of closure pattern (velum)?
A
- Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
- Lateral pharyngeal walls that close in
- Squeezes inwards
- More rare
13
Q
what is circular of closure pattern (velum)?
A
- Velum & superior pharyngeal constrictor meet in the middle
- The velum lifts and the lateral pharyngeal walls come in
- uncommon
14
Q
what is circular with Passavant’s Ridge of closure pattern (velum)?
A
• Superior pharyngeal constrictor looks like it has a cramp (muscle shoots out from SPC)
• Very rare
• Everything closes
c. Passavant’s Pad or Ridge
15
Q
Nasopharynx is…
A
- Important because of Eustachian tube
* Almost level with ears
16
Q
what is eustachian tube (aka auditory tube)?
A
- Links nasopharynx to the middle ear
- Responsible for aeration of the middle ear
- Closed under normal circumstances
- Can allow in a small amount of air to equalize pressure to prevent damage
- Yawning, swallowing, or gum chewing can be used intentionally to open the tube and equalize pressure (air plane)
- In children the tube is flat and doesn’t drain as well; leads to middle ear infections
- Cleft palate children have to get tubes inserted for draining immediately
17
Q
What is torus tubarius?
A
• Base of Eustachian tube (opening)
18
Q
what is adenoid pad?
A
- Mass of soft tissue behind the nasal cavity
- Part of the immune system
- Disappear by adulthood
- In children:
- Enlarged adenoids: can interfere with breathing or flow of mucus
- Ear infections: can block Eustachian tubes (drains fluid from ears to throat)
- Sleep apnea: enlarged adenoid pads block the flow of air through the throat while sleeping
- Person can stop breathing for a few seconds
19
Q
what is nasal cavity?
A
• Affects vocal resonance
20
Q
what is nasal septum?
A
- Formed by projections of bones in the skull
- Boney plate down the center of the nasal cavity
- Smooth surface covered by mucus membrane
21
Q
What is conchae or turbinates?
A
- Boney structure
- Turbinates: the name of the structure covered in tissue
- When looking at the flesh
- Designed to be humidifiers (makes the air more moist)
- Sides of the nose
- Has a superior, middle and inferior
- Neck breathers get cold dry air
22
Q
What is Nasal tip?
A
- Literal tip of nose
* Anterior view
23
Q
What is columella?
A
- Right down the middle of the nasal cavity
* In front of nasal septum
24
Q
what is nares? (naris)
A
nostrils
25
what is posterior choanae (posterior nares)?
* The right or left opening from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx
* Posterior view
26
oral cavity is...
articulators
27
what are the tongue divisions?
* Tongue tip aka Apex (/t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, /s/)
* Blade/middle (/th/)
* Root or base
* Dorsum (/k/, /g/, /ng/)
28
what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?
| what are they?
```
• Changes shape
• Attachments inside the tongue
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical longitudinal
transverse longitudinal
```
29
What is superior longitudinal?
```
intrinsic tongue muscle:
• Underneath mucus membrane
• Thin layer of muscle on top of tongue
• Anterior to posterior
• Has longitudinal & oblique fibers
• Origin: root and lingualseptum
• Raises tongue tip
• In some people the edges curl (taco tongue)
• Shortens the tongue
```
30
what is inferior longitudinal?
intrinsic tongue muscle:
• Shortens tongue; pulls tongue tip down
• Arises from hyoid bone
• Muscle fibers under surface of tongue
31
what is vertical longitudinal?
intrinsic tongue muscle:
• Flattens tongue
• Originates/rises from Dorsum
• Top to bottom
32
What is transverse longitudinal?
* Arises from the septum
* Courses laterally to the edges of the tongue
* Makes tongue skinny/narrow
* Lengthens tongue bulges the tongue upwards for /r/ sounds
33
what do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?
| what are they?
```
• Changes position
• Tongue is the fastest muscle in the body; finest motor movement we have
• Paired muscles
• 1 attachment outside the tongue
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
```
34
what is styloglossus?
* Smallest
* Pulls tongue up and back
* Arises from styloid process
* Inserts side of tongue, near Dorsum
* Mixed with Inferior Longitudinal
35
what is hyoglossus?
* Thin
* Quadrilateral/Box shape
* Arises from hyoid bone
* Courses vertically & upwards
* Mixes with Palatoglossus & Syloglossus
* Pulls tongue down, and slightly backwards on contraction
* Potentially pulls hyoid bone up
* Important for voice clients
* Tongue position influences larynx position, which influences voice
36
what is genioglossus?
```
• Largest and strongest
• Flat; triangular shape
• Arises from chin
• Contraction: pulls tongue anteriorly, downward and potentially retracts the tongue
-makes trough in middle of tongue
```
37
what is palatoglossus?
* Muscle of Anterior Faucial pillar (Velum)
* Superior muscle
* From anterior of the palate
* Inserts on sides of the tongue
* Interacts with transverse
* Lowers soft palate or raises back of tongue
38
what is lingual septum?
down middle of the tongue
39
what is alveolar ridge?
where teeth are inserted (pockets of teeth/insertion)
40
What is distal surface (teeth)?
back of each tooth
| moving away from center
41
what is medial surface (teeth)
surface of the tooth that face the middle
42
What is lingual surface (teeth)
towards the tongue
43
What is buccal surface (teeth)
towards the cheek
44
what is labial surface (teeth)
towards lips
45
what is occlusion
• The relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other
-chewing or at rest
46
what is deciduous?
baby teeth
47
what is permanent dentition
adult teeth
48
what is vermilion
lips:
perimeter of the lips
colored part of lips
49
what is philtrum
lips
| between 2 ridge on lips (line between/ontop cupid bow)
50
what is hard palate?
i. Rugae: roof of mouth (ridges)
ii. Median palatine raphe: line down the middle
iii. Palatal vault or arch: arch of hard palate; height of palate
51
what are facial pillars?
i. Anterior = Palatoglossus
| ii. Posterior =Palatopharyngus
52
what are tonsils?
glandular/lymphoid tissue
53
what is lingual tonsils?
* can fill up vallecular space
* located at the base of the tongue
* 2, one on each side
54
what is palatine tonsils?
* level of soft palate
* back of the throat
* right and left
55
what is buccal cavity?
• In oral cavity
• Deals with Dysphagia
-when there is a loss of sensation people tend to pocket food
*indication of swallowing difficulty
*swallowing issues are usually sensory and motor
• Portion of oral cavity bound by teeth, cheeks and gums
56
what is Waldeyers' Ring?
- ring of tonsillar tissue
| - filter that traps bacteria and viruses
