Outline Flashcards
What does A1C measure?
It measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months.
A1C is a key indicator for diabetes management.
What is Angina?
Angina is chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
Angina can be stable or unstable.
What are normal Ankle-brachial index values?
Normal values range from 0.91 to 1.30.
Values below 0.90 indicate peripheral artery disease.
What is a key focus of Atherosclerosis patient education?
Lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors such as diet and exercise.
Patients should also be educated about medication adherence.
Name the types of Bipolar Disorder.
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic disorder
- Other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders
Each type has distinct characteristics.
What are common interventions for Bipolar Disorder?
- Medication management
- Psychotherapy
- Education about the disorder
Early intervention can improve outcomes.
What are the blood pressure parameters for hypertension?
Hypertension is diagnosed at readings of 130/80 mmHg or higher.
Blood pressure is categorized into several stages.
What are some complications of diabetes?
- Cardiovascular disease
- Neuropathy
- Nephropathy
- Retinopathy
Regular screenings can help detect complications early.
What is Coronary artery disease?
A condition caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
It can lead to heart attacks if not managed properly.
What diagnostic testing is used for myocardial infarction?
- ECG
- Cardiac biomarkers
- Imaging studies
Timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment.
What is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
A chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
Symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation.
What patient education is important for Gastroesophageal reflux disorder?
Lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medication adherence.
Patients should avoid triggers like spicy foods.
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
A mental health condition characterized by excessive worry about various aspects of life.
It often requires a combination of therapy and medication for management.
What are the stages of Hypertension (HTN)?
- Normal: <120/<80 mmHg
- Elevated: 120-129/<80 mmHg
- Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
- Stage 2: ≥140/≥90 mmHg
Different stages require different management approaches.
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
- Sweating
- Shakiness
- Confusion
- Irritability
Immediate treatment is necessary to prevent severe complications.
What interventions are recommended for hypotension?
- Increase fluid intake
- Compression stockings
- Medications as prescribed
Monitor blood pressure regularly.
What does OCD stand for?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
It involves unwanted repetitive thoughts and behaviors.
What are common interventions for Panic Attacks?
- Deep breathing exercises
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Medication for anxiety
Education about panic attacks can also help reduce fear.
What is Peptic ulcer disease?
A condition characterized by open sores on the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.
It can be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or NSAID use.
What patient education is important for Peptic ulcer disease?
Avoiding irritants like alcohol, smoking, and certain medications.
Dietary modifications can also aid in healing.
What is Peripheral artery disease?
A circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs.
It often presents with leg pain during physical activity.
What are signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
- High blood sugar
- Frequent urination
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Fruity-smelling breath
It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
What are signs and symptoms of gastric ulcer?
- Burning stomach pain
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
Symptoms may worsen after eating.
What are signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Nausea
Women may experience different symptoms than men.
