Outocme 2 ANPH 252 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Starting with the most inferior, list the 4 layers that make up the walls of the GI tract and describe their basic functions
- MUCOSAL LAYER- allows protection, absorption and secretion
- SUBMUCOSAL- connective tissue that has blood vessels and nerves
- MUSCULARIS- maintains peristalsis (2 types)
- SEROSA- double walled loops of mesentery formed from the visceral peritoneum (secures intestines to posterior wall of abdominal cavity)
Mechanical digestion is completed by the ________ and the _________
Teeth and stomach
T or F: food that has been mechanically digested can be directly absorbed into adjacent tissues
F: it must be mechanically AND chemically digested and nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream, not directly into tissues
List the accessory organs that aid in digestion:
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
In the body the three pairs of salivary glands include:
A) parotid - near ear
B) submandibular - near jaw
C) sublingual - under tongue
The largest salivary gland is the __________. The medical term “otic” is used in reference to the __________.
Parotid and ear
the portion of the throat posterior to:
A) the soft palate is known as the _________
B) the buccal cavity is known as the ________
C) the laryngeal prominence (nod larynx) is known as the ________
A) nasopharnx
B) oropharynx
C) laryngopharynx
The structure that prevents food from slipping into the trachea during swallowing is the ________. It attached to a “free floating bone” inferior to the tongue, known as the ___________.
Epiglottis and hyoid bone
The stomach lies more transversely in patients with a __________ body habitus
Hypersthenic/larger
the gastric folds that allow the stomach to expand with food are called _________.
Rugae
Describe the terms in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and explain the pathology.
Hypertrophic - increase in cell size
Pyloric - region at distal end of stomach where chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine
Stenosis - narrowing
*narrowing of the pyloric region due to a thickening of tissues, which makes it difficult for chyme to leave the stomach at a normal rate
Most superior to most inferior, the three sections of the small bowel include:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
The pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum at the _____________ which is located in the ________ portion of the duodenum .
Major duodenal papilla and descending
What does “ports hepatis” mean and what structures pass through it?
“Gateway to the liver”
-hepatic artery, common hepatic duct, portal vein
Bile produced in the liver is stored in a concentrated form in the _________.
Gallbladder
What is the main purpose of bile?
It emulsified and breaks down fat
Fats in _______ stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) into the duodenum. CCK is a hormone that triggers the glass ladder to _________ which releases bile into the ____________.
Chyme, contract and gallbladder
The right and left hepatic ducts join to form the ______________.
Common hepatic duct
The common bile duct is formed by the _________ and the _____________.
Cystic duct and common hepatic duct
What do the following parts of the the GI tracts do?
- Lower esophageal sphincter
- Sphincter of oddi
- Pyloric sphincter
- Illeocecal valve
- Allows a food bonus to enter the stomach
- Controls flow of pancreatic digestive enzymes and bile
- Controls chyme leaving the stomach
- Controls food entering the large bowel
What part of the stomach is most posterior?
The fundus
The blind punch at the proximal end of the large intestine is known as the….
Cecum
Another name for the right colic flexure is the:
Hepatic flexure
Another name for the left colic flexure is the:
Splenic flexure
