Ovarian And Endometrial Cycle

Question 1

How many opportunities of pregnancy

Answer 1

400 opportunities

Question 2

Day of ovulation and its two preceding days

Answer 2

1200 days

Question 3

Ability of the mother and the fetus to co exist as two distinct immunological system results from

Answer 3

Endocrine
Paracrine
Immunological medication of fetal and maternal tissues

Question 4

Menstruation is regulated by

Answer 4

Hypothalamus
Pituitary axis
Ovaries
Genital tract

Question 5

Average cycle

Answer 5

28days

Range- 25-32 days

Question 6

Follicular phase

Answer 6

Days 1-14
Increase estrogen
Endometrial thickening
Dominant ovulatory follicle

Question 7

Lutheal phase

Answer 7

Days 14-21
Corpus luteum produce estrogen and progesterone
Prepare the endometrium for implantation

Question 8

Implantation

Answer 8

Blastocyst begin to produce HCG

Rescue corpus luteum in maintaining progesterone production

Question 9

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many Oocytes at birth?

Answer 9

2million

Question 10

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles at puberty onset?

Answer 10

400,000

Question 11

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles depleted every month

Answer 11

1,000 until age 35 then rate accelerates

Question 12

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

How many follicles are release during reproductive life?

Answer 12

400 follicles

Question 13

Follicular or preovulatory ovarian phase

99.9 % undergo atresia through

Answer 13

Apoptosis

Question 14

Recruitment of primordial follicles

Answer 14

Gonadotropin independent

Question 15

Two members of the transforming growth factor beta family

Answer 15

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)

Bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP-15)

Question 16

Required for further development of large antral follicles

Answer 16

FSH

Question 17

Begins a phase of semi synchronous growth based on their maturation state urging the FSH rise in the late luteal phase

Answer 17

Group of antral follicle (cohort)

Question 18

FSH rise leading to follicle development called

Answer 18

Selection window of the ovarian cycle

Selection window - capacity to produce estrogen

Question 19

Estrogen level rise in parallel to

Answer 19

Growth of dominant follicle

Question 20

FSH induces aromatase and expansion of the

Answer 20

Antrum of growing follicles

Question 21

Most responsive to FSH is likely to be the first to produce estradiol and initiate expression of LH receptors.

Answer 21

Follicle within the cohort

Question 22

When selection window comes from

Oocyte induced oocyte growth

Answer 22

Follicle within the cohort

Question 23

LH stimulates thecal cell production of androgens then transferred to to adjacent follicles and are aromatized to estradiol

Answer 23

Late follicular phase

Question 24

Granulosa cells produce inhibin B, then to feedback on the pituitary to inhibit FSH release

Answer 24

Early follicular phase

Question 25

Dominant follicle begins to grow. Estradiol and Inhibition production increase Decline of follicular to reach preovulatory status

Answer 25

Graafian follicle stage

Question 26

95% of plasma estradiol is secreted by the

Answer 26

Dominant follicle

Question 27

Ovulation Onset of gonadotropin surge from increasing estrogen secretion

Answer 27

Predictor of ovulation

Question 28

Ovulation It occurs _______ before ovum release from the follicle

Answer 28

34-36hrs

Question 29

Ovulation LH secretion peaks _______ before ovulation and stimulates resumption of meiosis in the ovum and release of the first polar body.

Answer 29

10-12hours

Question 30

Ovulation Lose contact with one another and move outward from the oocyte along the hyaluronan polymer.

Answer 30

Cumulus cells

Question 31

Corpus luteum develops from the dominant or graffian follicle remains in a process referred to as luteinization

Answer 31

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase

Question 32

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase Basement membrane separating the

Answer 32

Granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells

Question 33

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase Blood vessels and capillaries invade the granulosa cell layer

Answer 33

Days 2 post ovulation

Question 34

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase In day 2 there's rapid neovascularazation maybe due to

Answer 34

Theca lutein and granulosa lutein cells

Question 35

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase Cells undergo

Answer 35

Hypertrophy | Increase hormones

Question 36

Luteal or postovulatory ovarian phase Corpus luteum

Answer 36

Low frequency | High amplitude LH pulses

Question 37

Estrogen After ovulation, estrogen levels decrease

Answer 37

Secondary rise of 0.25 mg/day | 173 estradiol at the midluteal phase

Question 38

Estrogen Secondary decline in estradiol production

Answer 38

End of luteal phase

Question 39

Progesterone Midluteal phase

Answer 39

Production peaks at 25-50 mg/day

Question 40

Progesterone Corpus luteum

Answer 40

Continues progesterone production in response o HCG

Question 41

Transient endocrine organ

Answer 41

Corpus luteum

Question 42

Corpus luteum Will regress

Answer 42

9-11 days after ovulation in absence of pregnancy Decrease LH luteal phase

Question 43

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce Epithelial cells

Answer 43

Glandular cells

Question 44

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone produce Stromal

Answer 44

Mesenchymal cells

Question 45

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Epithelium is regenerated during each

Answer 45

Ovarian endometrial cycle

Question 46

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Shed and generated from the deeper basalis layer almost 400x during the reproductive lifetime.

Answer 46

Suferficial endometrium (functionalis layer)

Question 47

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Near the end of the menstrual cycle the coiled arteries constrict, depriving the functionalis layer of its blood supply and leading to

Answer 47

Necrosis and sloughing of this layer

Question 48

Proliferative or pre ovulatory phase Most important factor in endometrial recover

Answer 48

Follicular phase estradiol production

Question 49

Spontaneous, cyclical ovulation at ________ day intervals continues during almost ______ years

Answer 49

25-35 | 40