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DM 2 - Gynecology > Ovarian Cancer > Flashcards

Ovarian Cancer Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Incidence of ovarian cancer with genetic predisposition

A

10%

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2
Q

How do you reduce the risk of cancer in patients with high risk?

A

Risk reducing salpingoopherectomy

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3
Q

What is the primary imaging modality for Investigating suspected ovarian cancer

A

Ultrasound

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4
Q

Ultrasound features inkeeping with malignancy?
M RULES (5)

A
  • irregular solid tumor
  • ascites
  • atleast 4 papillary structures
  • irregular multilocular solid tumor >10cm
  • increased vascularity
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5
Q

Other reported ultrasound features of malignancy (elearning)
(5)

A
  • thickened septum (>3mm)
  • multilocularity
  • solid components/ papillary projections
  • bilateral lesions
  • ascites or metastatic lesions
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6
Q

ORADS 5 (USA) high risk features (5)

A
  • unilocular cyst with >4 papillary projections
  • multilocular cyst with solid component , mod- strong blood flow
  • solid (>80%) with smooth contour , very strong flow
  • solid with irregular contour
  • ascites +/- peritoneal nodules
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7
Q

Stage 1 A

A

Limited to one ovary with serosa intact. Negative washing

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8
Q

Stage 1B

A

Both ovaries, capsule intact, negative washing

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9
Q

Stage 1C1

A

1A or 1B with intraoperative capsule breech

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10
Q

Stage 1C2

A

Stage 1A or B with Preoperative capsule rupture

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11
Q

1C3

A

Either 1A or 1B with positive peritoneal washings

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12
Q

Stage 2A

A

One or both ovaries

Extension or implant on uterus +/- fallopian tubes

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13
Q

Stage 2B

A

Extension to other pelvic intrapertitoneal tissue

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14
Q

Stage 3A1i

A

Retroperitoneal nodes <10mm

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15
Q

Stage 3A2

A

Microscopic extrapelvic Mets +/- retroperitoneal nodes

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16
Q

Stage 3A1ii

A

Retroperitoneal nodes >10mm

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17
Q

Stage 3B

A

Macroscopic extrapelvic <2cm +/- retroperitoneal nodes

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18
Q

Stage 3C

A

Extrapelvic nodes >2cm +/- retroperitoneal nodes

Includes extension to capsule of liver/spleen without parenchymal involvement

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19
Q

Stage 4A

Study These Flashcards
A

Pleural effusion + cytology

20
Q

Stage 4B

Study These Flashcards
A

Hepatic/ spleen parenchyma

Extra abdominal lymph nodes eg inguinal

21
Q

Associated symptoms (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • persistent abdominal bloating
  • early satiety
  • loss of appetite
  • pelvic or abdominal pain
  • increased Urinary frequency or urgency
22
Q

Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in postmenopausal ovarian cyst

Study These Flashcards
A

Sensitivity 89%
Specificity 73%

23
Q

Risk of ovarian ca with lynch syndrome

24
Q

Risk of cancer if RMI 25-250

25
Risk of cancer if RMI >250
>75%
26
Germ cell tumors make up what percentage of ovarian tumors
10%
27
What tumor markers are increased for dysgerminomas (3)
LDH Alkaline phosphates Occasionally hcg
28
What tumor markers is related to endodermal sinus tumor
Alpha feto protein
29
What tumor markers are associated with embryonic carcinoma (3)
Alpha feto protein Hcg Estrogen occasionally
30
What is the most common germ cell tumor
Dysgerminoma (Seminoma in males)
31
What age group is dysgerminoa prevalent in
Young women 60% seen in women <20years
32
What is the hallmark histological finding of dysgerminomas
Lymphocytic infiltration of the stroma
33
What is the inheritance pattern if lynch syndrome
Autosomal dominant
34
What cancers are linked to LYNCH(7)
- colorectal - endometrial - ovarian - gastric - Urinary tract - brain - hepatobiliary
35
LYNCH Lifetime risk of colorectal cancer
50-80%
36
LYNCH lifetime risk of endometrial ca
40-60%
37
LYNCH life time risk if ovarian ca
10-12%
38
What gene carries an especially high risk of endometrial ca in LYNCH syndrome
MSH 6
39
What is the risk reduction of BSO in brca positive women
80-96%
40
What is the risk reduction of mastectomy in BRCA 1 positive
56%
41
What is the risk reduction with mastectomy in BRCA 2
46%
42
What is the risk of primary peritoneal cancer
1-6%
43
When should risk reduction surgery be done for BRCA 1 positive patients
Age 35-40
44
When should risk reduction be offered for BRCA 2
40 Years
45
What percentage of patients with granulosa cell tumor have endometrial hyperplasia
1:3 33%
46
What is the incidence of granulosa cell tumors
10-25% 70% secrete estrogen

DM 2 - Gynecology (22 decks)

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