Ovarian Cancer- Adv Med Surg Flashcards
(31 cards)
What type of ovarian cancer develops from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary?
Epithelial ovarian cancer
Most common and most dangerous, causing 85-90% of all ovarian cancers.
What are the types of epithelial ovarian tumors?
- Serous adenomas
- Mucinous adenomas
- Brenner tumors
What percentage of epithelial ovarian cancer cases are found too late?
70%
What type of ovarian cancer develops from the cells that produce eggs?
Germ cell ovarian cancer
Mostly benign and occurs most in teens and women in their 20s.
What is the survival rate for women with germ cell ovarian cancer?
90% can be cured and fertility preserved.
What type of ovarian tumors develop from connective tissue cells?
Stromal tumors
Rare class of tumors.
What is the survival rate for stromal tumors when diagnosed at Stage I?
75-90% have long-term survival.
What is the overall 5-year survival rate for ovarian cancer?
47%
What is the 5-year survival rate when diagnosed early?
92%
What percentage of women with ovarian cancer recur within the first 2 years after treatment?
80%
List some risk factors for ovarian cancer.
- Late childbearing
- Nulliparity
- Infertility
- HNPCC
- BRCA mutation
- Caucasian
- Fertility drugs
- Ashkenazi descent
- Increased age
What is the greatest risk factor for ovarian cancer?
Family history
Which mutations are passed along by both men and women that increase the risk of ovarian cancer?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
What is recommended for women with a personal history of related cancers?
Genetic testing
What management strategies are recommended for women at high risk of ovarian cancer?
- Screening every 6 months with CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound
- Use of oral contraceptives
- Prophylactic oophorectomy for those >35
According to USPSTF recommendations, who should not be screened for ovarian cancer?
Asymptomatic women
What is the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer for women with no family history?
1.3%
What factors can reduce the risk of cervical cancer?
- Removal of ovaries
- Oral contraceptives
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- Bilateral tubal ligation
- Hysterectomy
How much does pregnancy reduce the risk of cervical cancer?
8%
What are common signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer?
- Pelvic or abdominal pain or discomfort
- Frequency and/or urgency of urination
- Pelvic/abdominal swelling/bloating
- Vague but persistent GI upsets (nausea and indigestion)
What should patients do if they experience symptoms of ovarian cancer for more than 2 weeks?
Seek evaluation
What is CA-125?
A tumor marker elevated in >80% of advanced epithelial ovarian cancers
What is the sensitivity range for CA-125 as a tumor marker?
53-85%
What does the TNM system stand for in cancer staging?
- T - size of tumor
- N - spread to nodes
- M - metastasis (spread)
