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Ovarian cyclicity Flashcards

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1
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of cow

A

non-seasonal, spontaneous ovulator, 60-65 percent RO

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2
Q

Estrus cycle days of cow and heifer?

A

21-cow; 20 heifer

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3
Q

Proestrus of cows in days?

A

2 days

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4
Q

estrus of cows in days?

A

18 hrs (12-24) shortest among domestic animals

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5
Q

ovulation of cows in days?

A

10-16 hrs

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6
Q

metestrus of cows in days?

A

2 days

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7
Q

Diestrus of cows and heifer in days?

A

16- cow; 15 heifer

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8
Q

Signs of heat of estrus in cow

A

restlessness, decrease appetitis, mount other cow, sniff and lick the perineum of cow, swollen and congested vulva, stand still to be mounted, vulva mucus (ropy clear mucus from the vulva, dried on the flanks)

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9
Q

heat detection aid in cow

A

chalk, kamar heat mount, heat watch

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10
Q

where does chalk applied? How it detects estrus?

A

applied on the tail between the hip bone to vertical descent of tail; if the animals is in estrus, males will be mounting that hence the talk will spread in the flank area

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11
Q

explain kamar

A

place of the flank region, when the animal is in heat and the male tried to mount them, the dye inside the device will pop and the red dye will spread (the higher the spread the near it is to the estrus)

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12
Q

explain heat watch

A

the patch transmitter will be placed in the upper tail region, when the male mounts the female, the device will detect it

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13
Q

Ovarian cyclicity of bitch

A

seasonal monoestrus, spontaneous ovulator

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14
Q

Estrus cycle days of bitch?

A

2-3 times per year

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15
Q

Proestrus of bitch in days?

A

5-9 days (longest)

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16
Q

estrus of bitch in days?

A

7-9 days

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17
Q

ovulation of bitch in days?

A

3 days after the onset of estrus

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18
Q

metestrus of bitch in days?

A

2 days

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19
Q

Diestrus of bitch in days?

A

variable

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20
Q

explain the hormonal changes during estrous cycle

A

estrogen: high to decreasing as the estrus is near, responsible for the clinical signs of estrus; LH surge at the day of ovulation, CL is produced hence progesterone is increase (peak at diestrus stage); if pregnant it will be maintain if not increase PGF2a- luteolysis

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21
Q

Changes in the vulva

A

swollen and enlarged, presence of bloody discharged from vulva (during the proestrus and estrus stage)

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22
Q

Changes in behavior of the dog during cycle

A

aggressive towards male in, passive (increasing level), estrus: very recepto to the animals ensuring copulation

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23
Q

breeding sound examination

A

Clinical and breeding history, PE, Vaginoscopy and vaginal cytology- since changes in the epithelium of the vagina of dogs hence it is reliable to check for the stage of estrus for breeding

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24
Q

how to do vaginal cytology

A

open the vagina using speculum, swab the vaginal wall in rotating manner, roll the swab in the slide, stain it with hemaquick

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25
high nucleated epithelial cells (early, low if late), no cc (early, if late: medyo high), with rbc
Proestrus
26
high epithelial cells that have no nucleus, ribbon like epithelium- cornified cells arounf 95 percent or higher, low amount of NCC (early, no if late)
Estrus
27
NCC with low CC WBC
Metestrus
28
high WBC low NCC no CC
Diestrus
29
with/ without WBC with NCC, no CC
Anestrus
30
type of pseudopregnancy; why?
covert or overt type; retained CL even absence of pregnancy
31
manifest signs of pregnancy; no external signs of pregnancy?
overt, covert
32
signs of pregnancy
nesting, development of MMG, enlargement of abdomen due to enlarge uterus, hypertrophy of endo, glans development, pelvis relax, external genitalia experience labor
33
pregancy hormones that should be checked to see if the animals are really pregnant
high in P4 and Relaxin; if p4 high (it is decreasing over time), relaxing low= pseudopregnancy
34
Ovarian cyclicity of mare
seasonal breeders (long day= spring to summer); spontaneous), Left ovary dominant 60 percent
35
Estrus cycle days of mare?
21 days
36
Proestrus of mare in days?
1 days
37
estrus of mare in days?
6 days (5-7); tropical countries 3-4 days
38
ovulation of mare in days?
last 1/3 of estrus (2-3 days before the end of estrus)
39
metestrus of mare in days?
1 days
40
Diestrus of mare in days?
13 days
41
Signs of heat of estrus in mare; how stallion responds for estrus female
tail elevation, adapts micturation position, clitoral eversion and vulvar winking, squatting; flehmen reaction, licking and biting
42
when does mares on tropical countries mate? Temperate?
1st day of estrus;3rd day of estrus
43
Ovarian cyclicity of ewe
seasonal breeders (short-day, fall to winter), polyestrus; spontaneous, right ovary dominant 60 percent
44
Estrus cycle days of ewe?
17 days
45
Proestrus of ewe in days?
2 days
46
estrus of ewe in days?
1.5 days
47
ovulation of ewe in days?
last 1/2 day of estrus
48
metestrus of ewe in days?
2 days
49
Diestrus of ewe in days?
11.5 days
50
long day breeders of ewe?
merino, karakul, persian, blackhead, dorset horn- mediterranean and spanish breeds
51
short day breeders of ewe?
english and scottish (hampshire, southdown, shropshire, romney
52
Signs of heat
sheep form harem-dominant rams, side from stand still, swelling of vulva, restlessness
53
time for breeding of ewe
midestrus to latter part of estrus
54
detection of estrus in the sheep
heat watch ( patch and transmitter to the ramp)
55
social groupings association of sheep
1. male to male rams 3-6 months old. It hastens the onset of puberty. Otherwise, sexual segregation delayes the occurrence of first copulation; 2. Female to female- hasten onset of puberty, estrus synch, advance onset of breeding season; 3. Femalt to male- female effect improves secual activity of ram. Male effect- shortens puberty, anestrus, change timing of onsent and end of reproductive season
56
Ovarian cyclicity of doe
polyestrus, spontaneous ovulator
57
Estrus cycle days of doe?
21 days
58
Proestrus of doe in days?
2 days
59
estrus of doe in days?
3 days
60
ovulation of doe in days?
21-36 hrs after the onset of estrus
61
metestrus of doe in days?
2 days
62
Diestrus of doe in days?
14 days
63
signs of heat of doe
restlessness, decrease appetitis, tail twitching, flagging, stand still- vulva is hyperemic and edamtous
64
Ovarian cyclicity of pig?
polyestrus, nonseasonal,spontaneous ovulator
65
Estrus cycle days of pig?
21 days
66
Proestrus of pig in days?
2 days
67
estrus of pig in days?
2-3 days
68
ovulation of pig in days?
late 1/3 of estrus
69
metestrus of pig in days?
2 days
70
Diestrus of pig in days?
14 days
71
signs of heat of pigs
restlessness, decrease appetitis, grunting, vulva- hyperemic and edematous, sniffs vuvla of other females, seak bores noses testis and flank, stationary and rigid stance with ears, standing heat (back pressure test)
72
device to detect pregnant pigs
doppler
73
Ovarian cyclicity of cat?
polyestrus, nonseasonal,spontaneous ovulator
74
Estrus cycle days of cat?
14-21 days
75
Proestrus of cats in days?
1-3 days
76
estrus of cat in days?
5-10 days
77
ovulation of cat in days?
24-32 after LH surge
78
metestrus of cat in days?
2 days
79
Diestrus of cat in days?
variable
80
when does LH sruge starts?
minutes after the intromission (4-16 hrs)
81
after 1st mating, ovulation chances? After multiple mating?
50 percent, higher percent ovulation
82
CS of heat in cat
increase affection to object, crawling with chest on the floor, rolling, vocalization
83
fates of estrus cats
mate- fertilizatio= pregnant, sterile matingo ovulation- psuedopregnancy, prolonged estrus- follicular atresia- proestrus and estrus, Diestrus- anestrus
84
vagina is the site of semen deposition; sperm resevoir is in cervix
bitch, queen, cow, ewe, sow
85
uterus is the site of semen deposition; utero tubal
sow and mare
86
stages of sper transport
intial rapid transport (presence of sperm in oviduct after mating- not involved with fertilization because of structural damage); sperms na naiwan will establish sperm reservoir (6-12 hrs after semen deposition), slow transported; slow release of sperm from the reservoir to the oviduct- sperms that can fertilize ovum or ova
87
sperm fertilizinf capacity of bitch and queen
90 hrs
88
sperm fertilizinf capacity of cow, ewe, sow
24-48 hrs
89
sperm fertilizinf capacity of mare
5 days
90
Factors important for fertilization
fertilizing lifespan of sperm- 2x longer than ovum; Sperm gains ability to fertilize ovum as it stays in the F genital tract- sperm capacitation
91
activation of acrosome important for sperm to penetrate the ovum
sperm capacitation
92
site of sperm capacitation
isthmus of oviduct
93
Changes occuring in the sperm capacitation
fusion of plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane; vessiculation: release of acrosomal membrane; Activation of acrosomal enzymes (hyaluronidase)
94
fusion of male and female gamete? Result
fertilization; froming single cell- zygote (migrate to the uterus)
95
oocyte is viable up to how many hours after ovulation?
18 hrs
96
Site of fertilization?
amupulla of the oviduct
97
process of fertilization
Migration of sperm between cumulus oophurus and corona radiata aided by hyaluronidase (in all animals) + aryl sulfatase (in boars); migration of sperm to zona pellucida where the acrosomal reaction takes placwe- occurs after sperm attaches to ZP3 receptors; then penetrate the vitelline membrane (occurs ZONA reaction takes place)= no other sperm can penetrate; Sperm will fertilize the ovum (monospermic), fusion of gametes- zygote
98
when does 1st cell division occurs in ewe, sow, cow?
12-14 days-s, 16-24days -e, 20-24days-c

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