Ovarian cyst

Question 1

What is an ovarian cyst?

Answer 1

Fluid filled sacs within ovary

Question 2

What are the types of ovarian cysts?

Answer 2

Functional/non-functional
Functional: Follicular, Corpus luteum, Theca leutein,
Non-functional: Chocolcate, Dermoid, Cystadenoma, Malignant

Question 3

Wha are the clinical features of ovarian cysts?

Answer 3

Mainly asymptomatic

Underlying symptoms of disease (i.e. mennorrhagia in endometriosis; hirsutism, acne, infertility in PCOS)

Question 4

How is ovarian cyst diagnosed?

Answer 4

Pelvic ultrasound (smooth lining, hypoechoic/anechoic singular/multiple nodule on ovary, fluid level sometimes)

Question 5

What are the complications of ovarian cyst?

Answer 5

Ovarian torsion

Ovarian cyst rupture

Question 6

What is the treatment of ovarian cyst?

Answer 6

(Functional cysts) watchful waiting, often regress spontaneously, NSAIDs for pain
Surgery for more complicated cysts
Treatment for underlying disease (e.g. endometriosis, PCOS, ovarian cancer)

Question 7

How is ruptured ovarian cyst diagnosed?

Answer 7

Pelvic ultrasound (fluid in pouch of Douglas aka rectouterine pouch) 
(Clinical features) Sudden unilateral lower abdominal pain

Question 8

What is the treatment for ovarian cyst?

Answer 8

(Hemodynamically stable) Observation + Analgesics

(Hemodynamically unstable) Laparoscopy to control bleeding

Question 9

How is ovarian torsion diagnosed?

Answer 9

Pelvic ultrasound with Doppler velocimetry (enlarged, edematous ovaries with decreased blood flow)
(Clinical features) Sudden unilateral lower abdominal pain + nausea + vomiting

Question 10

What is the treatment for ovarian torsion?

Answer 10

Detorsion via laparoscopic surgery