Ovarian Pathologies Flashcards by Sarah Czuba

Follicular cyst:

Symptoms

(functional cyst)

asymptomatic, dull adnexal pressure/pain, delay in menstruation

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Follicular cyst:

Sonographic Appearacne

thin walled, translucent, watery filled

simple cyst description

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Corpus Luteual cyst:

Sonographic Appearance

(functional cyst)

simple cyst description, may have internal echoes

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Hemorrhagic cyst:

Symptoms

(functional cyst)

acute onset of pelvic pain

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Hemorrhagic cyst:

Sonographic Appearance

hyperechoic, smooth posterior wall, posterior enhancement

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Theca-Lutein Cysts:

Sonographic Appearance

(functional cyst)

bilateral, multiloculated, large

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Theca-Lutein Cysts:

Symptoms

high HCG levels, nausea, vomiting

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Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome:

Symptoms

in mild form:
pelvic discomfort
severe form:
severe pelvic pain, abdominal distention

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Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome:

Sonographic Appearance

in mild form:
enlarged ovaries (<5cm in diameter)
in severe form:
notably enlarged ovaries (>10cm in diameter), ascites, pleural effusion, numerous large thin walled cysts throughout periphery

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**Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome:

Symptoms

triad: oligoovulation (ovulates once in a while), hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries

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**Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome:

Sonographic Appearance

multiple tiny cysts around periphery of ovary: “String of Pearls”, ovary may be normal or enlarged

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What is another name for the focal form of Endometriosis?

endometrioma

“chocolate cyst”

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Endometrioma:

Symptoms

cyclic pain (peak 2 days before menses), metrorrhea, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (especially with deep penetration)

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Endometrioma:

Sonographic Appearance

well defined, commonly unilocular, homogeneous, low-level internal echoes

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Paraovarian Cysts:

Symptoms

asymptomatic unless torsion

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Paraovarian Cysts:

Sonographic Appearance

simple cyst adjacent to ovary

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Ovarian Torsion:

Symptoms

acute severe unilateral pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, palpable mass

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Ovarian Torsion:

Sonographic Appearance

enlarged, edematous ovary, “string of pearls”, free fluid in pelvis, absent Doppler flow

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**What is the number one cause of death in neoplasms?

ovarian carcinoma

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**What is the fourth leading cancer death?

ovarian carcinoma

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**Who has a greater incidence of developing ovarian cancer?

females with a personal or family history of breast or colon cancer
Obesity is also a risk factor

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**Ovarian Carcinoma:

Symptoms

vague abdominal pain, swelling, indigestion, frequent urination, constipation, weight change due to ascites
symptomless in early stages of disease

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**Ovarian Carcinoma:

Sonographic Appearance

cystic mass with solid components, ascites, unilateral, enlarged ovaries

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Mucinous Cystadenoma:

Symptoms

(epithelial tumor)

pressure, pain, increased abdominal girth

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Mucinous Cystadenoma: | Sonographic Appearance

simple/septate thin walled multilocular cysts, internal echoes, unilateral

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma: | Symptoms

(epithelial tumor) | pelvic pressure, pain when ruptured

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma: | Sonographic Appearance

ascites, thick irregular walls and septations

Sereous Cystadenoma: | Symptoms

(epithelial tumor) | pelvic pressure, bloating

Sereous Cystadenoma: | Sonographic Appearance

multilocular cyst, may have nodule

Sereous Cystadenocarcinoma: | Symptoms

(epithelial tumor) | pelvic fullness, bloating, ascites

Sereous Cystadenocarcinoma: | Sonographic Appearance

cystic structures with septations and/or papillary projections, internal/external papillomas

What are all the epithelial tumors?

mucinous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, sereous cystadenoma, sereous cystadenocarcinoma

What are all the functional cysts?

follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, hemorrhagic cyst, theca-lutein cysts

What is another name for dermoids?

cystic mature teratoma

Dermoids: | Symptoms

(germ cell tumor) | asymptomatic, abdominal pain, enlargement and pressure

Dermoids: | Sonographic Appearance

complex, echogenic components, acoustic shadowing due to dermoid plug, fat-fluid level

What is the most common ovarian neoplasm?

dermoid cyst

Immature teratomas are...

cancerous and small

What are the most common ovarian neoplasms seen in pregnancy?

dysgerminoma and serous cystadenoma

Fibroma: | Sonographic Appearance

unilateral, hypoechoic mass, posterior attenuation, ascites

What is the most common hormone-active estrogenic tumor of the ovary?

granulosa

Granulosa: | Symptoms

precocious puberty, vaginal bleeding, full breasts | pain, pressure, fullness

Granulosa: | Sonographic Appearance

low level homogeneous echoes | if torsion: multilocular cyst containing blood/fluid

What are the two main stromal tumors?

fibroma, granulosa

What are all the stromal tumors?

granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, fibroma, androblastoma

Where can metastatic cancer arise from?

breast, upper GI tract, other pelvic organs

What is the least common gynecologic malignancies?

carcinoma of the fallopian tube

Metastatic Disease: | Sonographic Appearance

bilateral, ascites, solid or solid with moth-eaten cystic pattern (occurs when necrotic)

Which ovary is three times more likely to torse?

right ovary

What are the demographics for mucinous cystadenoma?

found in women 13-45 years old

What are the demographics for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?

frequently occurs in women 40-70 years old

What is the second most common benign tumor of the ovary?

serous cystadenoma, only after dermoid cyst

**What is the most common malignancy in young females of 16-20 years old?

immature teratomas

**What is totipotent?

the ability to give rise to any human tissue

What is the "crescent sign"?

normal ovarian tissue adjacent to a benign cystic teratoma | signifies a benign tumor

Corpus luteum cyst: | Symptoms

irregular menses, pain (can rupture) | mimic ectopic pregnancy

What are the differential diagnoses for a cystic or homogeneous ovarian mass?

follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy, cystic teratoma, paraovarian cyst, hydrosalpinx, endometrioma, hemorrhagic cyst

What are the differential diagnoses for a solid mass?

solid teratoma, adenocarcinoma, arrhenoblastoma, fibroma, dysgerminoma, torsion

What are the differential diagnoses for a complex mass?

cystadenoma, dermoid cyst, TOA, ectopic pregnancy, granulosa cell tumor

What are the most common solid tumors?

serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma

Ovarian Pathologies Flashcards

(60 cards)