ovaries

Question 1

4 kinds of ovarian cysts

start with most common

Answer 1

• functional
• follicular
• corpus luteum
• theca lutein

Question 2

ovarian cysts dx test

Answer 2

pelvic ultrasonography: they will be mobile, simple, fluid filled

Question 3

ovarian cyst sx

Answer 3

asymptomatic; or pain and menstrual delay; or w/ hemmorhage due to rupture

Question 4

ovarian cyst in postmenopausal women

Answer 4

may be malignant

Question 5

ovarian cyst treatment

Answer 5

watch if smaller than 8cm.

Question 6

ovarian cysts in normal menstrual cycle

Answer 6

follicular and corpus luteum cysts

Question 7

serous adenomas, mucinous adenomas, teratomas, dermoid cysts

Answer 7

common types of benign ovarian cysts

Question 8

PCOS is the most common cause of what 2 things

Answer 8

hirsutism and androgen excess

Question 9

underlying abnormality with PCOS

Answer 9

we think hypothalmic pituitary dysfunction and insulin resistance

Question 10

PCOS pts at increased risk for what

Answer 10

endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma because of unopposed estrogen stimulation

Question 11

menses with PCOS

Answer 11

nml puberty and adolescence; followed by progressively longer episodes of amenorrhea.

Question 12

PCOS symptoms
50% have what
30% have what
8% have what

Answer 12

50% are hirsute
30% have impaired glucose tolerance
8% have frank diabetes type 2

Question 13

PCOS tests

Answer 13

• ultrasonography show “string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”
• mild elevation of serum androgen levels
• increased LH/FSH ratio
• lipid abnormalities
• insulin resistance

Question 14

ultrasonography show “string of pearls” or “oyster ovaries”

Answer 14

PCOS; also to look for androgen secreting ovarian tumor

Question 15

what does weight loss do in PCOS

Answer 15

improve hirsutism, lipid, and glucose paramenters, and fertility

Question 16

how to treat hirsutism

Answer 16

androgen lowering agents, include oral contraceptives, finasteride, flutamide, spironolactone

Question 17

how to treat infertility

Answer 17

clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation, add dexmethasone at bedtime

Question 18

why get thyroid levels

Answer 18

it can cause menstrual irregularities

Question 19

why get FSH and LH

Answer 19

to check for premature ovarian failure and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Question 20

why get a DHEAS

Answer 20

to test for adrenal neoplasm

Question 21

how to test for adrenal neoplasm

Answer 21

DHEAS

Question 22

medroxyprogesterone acetate

Answer 22

for PCOS pt that does not desire pregnancy; it causes the regular shedding of endometrial lining

Question 23

common cause of infertility in women

Answer 23

PCOS

Question 24

acanthosis nigricans

Answer 24

DM in PCOS

Question 25

acne, androgenic alopecia, obesity, menstrual cycle disturbances, hirsutism

Answer 25

PCOS

Question 26

moon facies, buffalo hump, abdominal striae

Answer 26

cushings sydrome (think hyperandrogenism)

Question 27

how to evaluate for metabolic abnormalities in PCOS

Answer 27

- 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test | - fasting lipid and cholesterol levels

Question 28

what decreases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma among women with PCOS

Answer 28

combined hormonal contraception or progestin

Question 29

4 risk factors for ovarian cancer

Answer 29

age 60, nulliparous, white, + FH of ovarian or endometrial cancer

Question 30

what is protective for ovarian cancer

Answer 30

long term oral contraceptive due to the suppression of ovulation

Question 31

5th most common cancer in american women and 2nd most common gynecologic malignancy; mortality rate

Answer 31

ovarian cancer | 60% pts die within 5 years

Question 32

ovarian cancer | genetic?

Answer 32

10% genetic | 90% sporatic

Question 33

breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and | hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome

Answer 33

2 forms of hereditary ovarian cancer

Question 34

sister mary joseph nodule

Answer 34

metastatic implant in the umbilicus; ovarian cancer

Question 35

ascites, abdominal distention, early satiety, change in bowel habits, fixed mass

Answer 35

ovarian cancer

Question 36

tx of ovarian cancer

Answer 36

- chemo and radiotherapy | - ultrasound both transvaginal and abdominal

Question 37

CA 125 with ovarian cancer

Answer 37

CA 125 to monitor tx; not for screening; for postmenopausal women; normally elevated in premenopausal women