Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are 3 common reasons to see infectious inflammation of the Fallopian Tube?
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- TB
T or F: Tumors often arise from the fallopian tube.
False, but it is generally accepted that serous tumors of the ovary actually arise from cells in the fallopian tube
What are the 3 general subtypes of ovarian tumors?
- which is most common?
3 Subtypes:
- *- Epithelial (90%)
- Sex Cord Stromal Tumor
- Germ Cell Tumor**
What are the subtypes of ovarian epithelial tumors?
Epithelial Tumors:
- *- Serous
- Mucinous
- Clear Cell
- Brenner
- MMMT
- Metastatic**
What the the subtypes of Sex Cord Stromal Tumors?
Granulosa Cell
Fibromas
Fibromathecomas
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
What are the subtypes of ovarian Germ Cell Tumors?
Mixed
Yolk Sac Tumor
Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Follicular Cysts
- Presentation?
- Course of “disease”?
- Histology?
Presentation:
- Most often present as a cysts (3 cm or less) in a REPRODUCTIVE AGE woman
Course:
- Most often these spontaneously rupture and disappear
Histology:
- Normal Dilated Follicle without an Egg inside (has a normal or possible compressed lining of granulosa cells with prominent theca cells)
Corpus Luteal Cyst
- Presentation?
- Most likely time for it to occur?
- Histology?
Presentation:
- Most often a reproductive age woman who may be pregnant (20% o these occur in reproductive age women)
Histology:
- blood filled cyst with a bright yellow lining
While Follicular Cysts are not associated with any real complications, Corpus Luteal Cysts are. What are these complication?
Corpus Luteal Cyst complications
- *- Ovarian Torsion
- Rupture into the Peritoneal Cavity requiring Surgery
*****Remember the are most often BENIGN CYSTIC TERATOMAS***
Differentiate the following pathologies in epithelial ovarian tumors on the basis of cyst number, cyst lining, and age of presentation.
- Benign
- Borderline
- Malignant
Benign:
- Single Cyst
- Flat Lining
- Premenopausal 30-40
Borderline:
- Features of Both
Malignant:
- Complex Cysts
- Shaggy lining
- Post menopausal 60-70 years old
Which Epithelial Ovarian Tumors can have a borderline malignant classification?
Serous, Mucinous, Clear Cell, Brenner
Others:
MMMT and Metastatic
In general how do ovarian epithelial tumors present?
- at what stage do these cancers often present?
Presentation:
- Often presents as Abdominal Ascites in a Post-Menopausal women
- This presentation suggests advanced stage cancer
**Cancer can often be bilateral**
Note: Risk factors for epithelial ovarian tumors include Never Having Children and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
Note: Risk factors for epithelial ovarian tumors include Never Having Children and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
What does a type II epithelial ovarian tumor refer to?
Type II:
- HIGH GRADE serous lesion that progresses from the fallopian tube to the ovary
Type I:
- LOW-grade serous, endometroid, or mucinous ovarian CA
What mutations are associated with type II ovarian Carcinomas?
BRCA mutations are associated with High-grade serous tumors whose cells originate from the fallopian tube and cause cancer in the ovary
What is the most common malignant tumor of the ovary?
SEROUS type of epithelial ovarian tumor
T or F: while serous epithelial tumors of the ovary are the most common malignant tumor of the ovary, the majority are benign
True, 70% of serous epithelial ovarian tumors are benign
What are the 3 classifications of Serous epithelial ovarian carcioma?
- *1. Benign
2. Borderline
3. Carcinoma**
Benign Serous Epithelial Ovarian Tumor:
- 2 subtypes
- Histologic Characteristics or each subtypes
- Chances of the tumors being bilateral?
2 types:
**20% of the time these are bilateral**
Serous Cystadenoma
- Stromal Papillae with Columnar Epithelium
Serous Cysadenofibroma
- Fibrous and Pink Stroma
Borderline Serous Ovarian Tumor
- Histologic Characteristics?
- how often is this bilateral?
No obvious invasion of surrounding tissue, but cells have increased Architectual Complexity
**Bilateral in 30% of cases**
- *Serous CARCINOMA** of the ovary
- how often are these bilateral?
- Compare histology of Low Grade vs. High Grade Lesions.
Serous Carcinoma of the ovary
**Bilateral 66% of the time**
Low Grade:
- Complex Micropapillary growth with Medussa Head appearance - NO INVASION of underlying stroma
High Grade:
- Cells look more malignant in invade the stroma extensively
How can you differentiate Serous and Mucinous Neoplasms of the ovary on the basis of gross inspection?
Serous:
- typically consists of watery fluid
Mucinous:
- typically consists of thick viscous fluid
**Both appear the same before you cut them open
- *Mucinous** Epithelial Ovarian Tumor
- Gene mutations often associated with this tumor?
- Histology?
KRAS mutations are commonly found in mucinous ovarian tumors
Histology:
- Lots of “bubbly” cytoplasm (not seen in serosal). Serosal penetration and solid areas are highly indicative of malignancy
Brenner Tumor (Transitional Cell Tumor)
Gross Appearance**
Histology
Gross:
- Brown/Yellow color to the tumor
Histology:
- Very nested appearance with cells that resemble Urothelium
**These can be benign, borderline, or malignant**
