Over-tourism threatens Mt. Fuji's world heritage status

Question 1

overtourism

Answer 1

he situation when too many people visit a place on holiday, so that the place is spoiled and life is made difficult for the people who live there:

Question 2

peak

Answer 2

Apeak is a mountain or the top of a mountain.

…the snow-covered peaks.

Question 3

spike [in smth]

Answer 3

If there is aspikein theprice,volume, or amount of something, the price, volume, or amount of it suddenly increases.

During the war, there was a small spike in interest.[+in]
A spike in flu cases around the Christmas period was blamed for piling pressure on already stretched A&Es.[+in]

Question 4

climbing

Answer 4

Climbingis the activity of climbing rocks or mountains.

Question 5

trail

Answer 5

Atrailis aroughpath across open country or throughforests.

He was following a broad trail through the trees.

Question 6

climber

Answer 6

someone who climbs mountains for sport.

Question 7

slope

Answer 7

Aslopeis thesideof amountain, hill, orvalley.

Saint-Christo is perched on a mountain slope.
…the lower slopes of the Himalayas.[+of]

Question 8

litter

Answer 8

Litterisrubbishthat is left lying around outside.

If you see litter in the corridor, pick it up.
On Wednesday we cleared a beach and woodland of litter.

Question 9

ash

Answer 9

black powder that is left after a substance, especially tobacco, coal, or wood, has burned.

Question 10

eyesore

Answer 10

Youdescribea building or place as aneyesorewhen it isextremelyugly and youdislikeit ordisapproveof it.

Poverty leads to slums, which are an eyesore and a health hazard.

Question 11

habitant

Answer 11

a person who arrives, especially from another country, in a new place in order to live there and use the land.

Question 12

tourism

Answer 12

the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay, or entertainment for people who are on holiday.

Question 13

official

Answer 13

a person who has a position of responsibility in an organization.

Question 14

improvement [in smth., to smth]

Answer 14

If there is animprovementinsomething, it becomesbetter. If you makeimprovementstosomething, you make it better.

…the dramatic improvements in organ transplantation in recent years.[+in]
I’ve been playing okay but there’s plenty of room for improvement.

Question 15

authority

Answer 15

a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity.

Question 16

sickness

Answer 16

the condition of being ill.

Question 17

hypothermia

Answer 17

a serious medical condition in which a person’s body temperature falls below the usual level as a result of being in severe cold for a long time.

Question 18

respite

Answer 18

Arespiteis ashortperiod of rest from somethingunpleasant.

It was some weeks now since they had had any respite from shellfire.[+from]

Question 19

to be under threat of something

Answer 19

If a person or thing isunderthreat, there is adangerthat somethingunpleasantmightbe done to them, or that they mightceaseto exist.

His position as leader will be under threat at a party congress due next month.
They live daily under threat of violence.[+of]
Even the most security-conscious computer user is under constant threat from computer viruses.
Britain’s rarest breeding birds are under threat from fanatical and selfish egg collectors.
[Also +from]

Question 20

list

Answer 20

If a companyis listed, or if itlists, on a stock exchange, it obtains an official quotation for its shares so that people can buy and sell them.

It will list on the London Stock Exchange next week with a value of 130 million pounds.[VERB]

Question 21

scale

Answer 21

If youscalesomething such as a mountain or a wall, you climb up it or over it.

…the first British woman to scale the world’s highest mountain.[VERBnoun]
The men scaled a wall and climbed down scaffolding on the other side.[VERBnoun]

Question 22

threaten

Answer 22

If something or someonethreatensa person or thing, they arelikelytoharmthat person or thing.

The newcomers directly threaten the livelihood of the established workers.[VERBnoun]
The unity of our society is threatened by troublesome and restless minorities.[VERBnoun]
30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently threatened with extinction.[beVERB-ed +with]

Question 23

to make a beeline for someone/something

Answer 23

to go directly and quickly towards someone or something.

Question 24

to hope [for thms.]

Answer 24

If youhopethat something istrue, or if youhopefor something, youwantit to be true or tohappen, and you usually believe that it ispossibleorlikely.

She had decided she must go on as usual, follow her normal routine, and hope and pray.[VERB]
He hesitates before leaving, almost as though he had been hoping for conversation.[VERB+for]
I hope to get a job within the next two weeks.[VERBto-infinitive]
The researchers hope that such a vaccine could be available in about ten years’ time.[VERBthat]
‘We’ll speak again.’—’I hope so.’[Vso/not]
‘Will it happen again?’—’I hope not, but you never know.’[Vso/not]

Question 25

climb

Answer 25

If youclimbsomething such as a tree, mountain, orladder, orclimbupit, you move towards the top of it. If youclimbdownit, you move towards thebottomof it.

Climbing the first hill took half an hour.[VERBnoun]
He picked up his suitcase and climbed the stairs.[VERBnoun]
I told her about him climbing up the drainpipe.[V+up]
Kelly climbed down the ladder into the water.[V+down]
Children love to climb.[VERB]

Question 26

burgeon

Answer 26

If somethingburgeons, it grows or develops rapidly.

Plants burgeon from every available space.[VERB]
My confidence began to burgeon later in life.[VERB]
…Japan’s burgeoning satellite-TV industry.[VERB-ing]

Question 27

strew [n + with smth.]

Answer 27

Tostrewthingssomewhere, or tostrewa placewiththings, means to scatter them there.

The racoons knock over rubbish bins and strew the contents all over the ground.[VERBnoun preposition/adverb]
A woman was strewing the floor with chalk so that the dancing shoes would not slip.[VERBnoun +with]
By the end, bodies were strewn all round the building.[beVERB-ed]

Question 28

construct

Answer 28

If youconstructsomething such as a building, road, or machine, you build it or make it.

The company is constructing 70 homes and a 130-room hotel on the land.[VERBnoun]
The boxes should be constructed from rough-sawn timber.[beV-ed +from/of/out of]
They thought he had escaped through a specially-constructed tunnel.[VERB-ed]

Question 29

accommodate

Answer 29

Toaccommodatesomeonemeansto provide them with a place toliveorstay.

…a hotel built to accommodate guests for the wedding of King Alfonso.[VERBnoun]
Students are accommodated in homes nearby.[beVERB-ed preposition/adverb]

Question 30

fear

Answer 30

If youfearsomeone or something, you arefrightenedbecause you think that they willharmyou.

Many people fear change because they do not like the old ways to be disrupted.[VERBnoun]

Question 31

scream

Answer 31

When someonescreams, they make a veryloud,high-pitchedcry, forexamplebecause they are in pain or are veryfrightened.

People were screaming; some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire.[VERB]
If I hear one more joke about my hair, I shall scream.[VERB]
He staggered around the playground, screaming in agony.[VERB+in]
To play in front of 40,000 screaming fans was a great experience.[VERB-ing]

Question 32

tackle

Answer 32

If youtacklea difficult problem or task, youdealwith it in a very determined orefficientway.

The first reason to tackle these problems is to save children’s lives.[VERBnoun]

Question 33

jump [in]

Answer 33

If an amount or leveljumps, it suddenly increases or rises by a large amount in a short time.

Sales jumped from $94 million to over $101 million.[VERB+from]
The number of crimes jumped by ten per cent last year.[VERB+by]
Shares in Euro Disney jumped 17p.[VERBamount]

Question 34

ascend

Answer 34

If youascenda hill orstaircase, you go up it.

Mrs Clayton had to hold Lizzie’s hand as they ascended the steps.[VERBnoun]
Then we ascend steeply through forests of rhododendron.[VERBpreposition/adverb]
[AlsoVERB]

Question 35

descend

Answer 35

If youdescendor if youdescenda staircase, you movedownwardsfrom ahigherto a lower level.

Things are cooler and more damp as we descend to the cellar.[VERBpreposition]
She descended one flight of stairs.[VERBnoun]
[AlsoVERB]

Question 36

iconic

Answer 36

Aniconicimageor thing isimportantorimpressivebecause itseemsto be asymbolof something.

Murphy’s powerfully spoken Oedipus is an autocrat of iconic grandeur.
The ads helped the brand to achieve iconic status.

Question 37

majestic

Answer 37

If youdescribesomething or someone asmajestic, youthinkthey are verybeautiful,dignified, andimpressive.

…a majestic country home that once belonged to the Astor family.
Anna looked tanned and majestic in her linen caftan.

Question 38

burgeoning

Answer 38

rapidly developing or growing;flourishing

Japan’s burgeoning satellite-TV industry
today’s burgeoning market for organic produce
There’s no arguing with his burgeoning reputation as a superstar DJ
a burgeoning population of writers
the burgeoning number of books devoted to the game
the burgeoning cost of research and development
the burgeoning pacifist movement
a young man with burgeoning talent

Question 39

environmental

Answer 39

Environmentalmeans concerned with theprotectionof the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals.

…economic and environmental legislation.
…the environmental claims being made for some products.
Environmental groups plan to stage public protests during the conference.

Question 40

volcaniv

Answer 40

of, relating to, or made by a volcano (= a mountain with a hole at the top through which hot liquid rock is or has been forced out).

Question 41

pristine

Answer 41

new or almost new, and in very good condition.

Question 42

uncontrollable

Answer 42

too strong or violent to be controlled.

Question 43

unattractive

Answer 43

unpleasant to look at.

Question 44

altitude

Answer 44

If something is at a particularaltitude, it is at that height above sea level.

The aircraft had reached its cruising altitude of about 39,000 feet.[+of]
The following day I ran my first race at high altitude.

Question 45

further

Answer 45

comparative of far : to a greater distance or degree, or at a more advanced level.

Question 46

once

Answer 46

If somethinghappensonce, it happens one time only.

I met Wilma once, briefly.
Since that evening I haven’t once slept through the night.
Mary had only been to Manchester once before.

Question 47

parking lot

Answer 47

an outside area of ground where you can leave a car for a period of time.