overall Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
What does the Law of Conservation of Charge state?
A
The total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant.
2
Q
True or False: Charge can be created or destroyed.
A
False.
3
Q
What is friction in terms of electricity?
A
Friction refers to the transfer of charge between two objects when they are rubbed together.
4
Q
Fill in the blank: In conduction, charge is transferred through __________.
A
direct contact.
5
Q
What is the primary mechanism of charge transfer in induction?
A
Induction involves the rearrangement of charges in an object due to the influence of a nearby charged object.
6
Q
What does Ohm’s Law state?
A
Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
7
Q
Provide the formula for Ohm’s Law.
A
V = I * R (Voltage = Current x Resistance).
8
Q
What is Coulomb’s Law used to calculate?
A
Coulomb’s Law is used to calculate the force between two charged objects.
9
Q
State the formula for Coulomb’s Law.
A
F = k * |q1 * q2| / r^2 (where F is the force, k is Coulomb’s constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges).
10
Q
True or False: DC stands for Direct Current.
A
True.
11
Q
What is the main difference between AC and DC?
A
AC (Alternating Current) changes direction periodically, while DC (Direct Current) flows in one direction only.
12
Q
Which type of current is commonly used in household electrical outlets?
A
Alternating Current (AC).
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The unit of electric charge is the __________.
A
Coulomb.
14
Q
What is the principle behind static electricity?
A
Static electricity is the result of an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
15
Q
What happens to the resistance if the temperature of a conductor increases?
A
The resistance generally increases.
16
Q
True or False: Insulators allow electric current to flow freely.
A
False.
17
Q
What is the effect of distance on the force between two charges according to Coulomb’s Law?
A
The force decreases as the distance between the charges increases.
18
Q
What is the role of a resistor in an electric circuit?
A
A resistor limits the flow of electric current.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The symbol for resistance is __________.
A
R.
20
Q
What is a common application of induction?
A
Induction is used in transformers to transfer electrical energy between circuits.
21
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of DC? A) Flows in one direction B) Flows back and forth C) Used in power plants
A
A) Flows in one direction.
22
Q
What happens to charge during the process of conduction?
A
Charge is transferred from one object to another through direct contact.
23
Q
True or False: An electric circuit must be closed for current to flow.
A
True.
24
Q
What is the significance of Coulomb’s constant in Coulomb’s Law?
A
Coulomb’s constant quantifies the amount of force between two unit charges at a unit distance.
25
Fill in the blank: The unit of current is the __________.
Ampere.
26
What type of circuit allows current to flow in multiple paths?
Parallel circuit.
27
What does a voltmeter measure?
A voltmeter measures the voltage across two points in a circuit.
28
What is the main difference between series and parallel wiring?
In series wiring, components are connected end-to-end, while in parallel wiring, components are connected across common points.
29
True or False: In a series circuit, if one component fails, the entire circuit stops working.
True
30
Fill in the blank: The total resistance in a series circuit is the ______ of the individual resistances.
sum
31
What happens to the voltage in a parallel circuit?
The voltage across each component in a parallel circuit is the same.
32
What is heat?
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between systems or objects with different temperatures.
33
Define temperature.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
34
What are the three modes of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation.
35
True or False: Convection occurs in liquids and gases.
True
36
What is radiation?
Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.
37
Fill in the blank: The specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ______ of a substance by one degree Celsius.
one gram
38
What does the law of thermodynamics state about energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
39
Multiple Choice: Which mode of heat transfer does not require a medium? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Radiation
C) Radiation
40
What is the unit of specific heat?
Joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C).
41
True or False: In a parallel circuit, the total current is the sum of the currents through each component.
True
42
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a gas on its volume at constant pressure?
The volume of the gas increases.
43
Fill in the blank: In a series circuit, the total voltage is the ______ of the individual voltages across each component.
sum
44
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two bodies reach the same temperature and no heat flows between them.
45
What is the principle behind convection currents?
Convection currents are caused by the movement of fluid due to differences in temperature and density.
46
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a good conductor of heat? A) Wood B) Copper C) Rubber
B) Copper
47
What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?
As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
48
True or False: Specific heat varies with the type of substance.
True
49
What does the first law of thermodynamics relate to?
The conservation of energy in thermodynamic processes.
50
Fill in the blank: The heat transfer method that occurs through direct contact is called ______.
conduction
51
What is the formula for calculating the heat absorbed or released by a substance?
Q = mcΔT, where Q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
52
Multiple Choice: Which type of circuit is typically used for household wiring? A) Series B) Parallel
B) Parallel
53
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in thermal contact no longer exchange heat, resulting in both objects reaching the same temperature.
54
True or False: In thermal equilibrium, energy transfer occurs between objects.
False.
55
What does Newton's Law of Cooling describe?
Newton's Law of Cooling describes the rate at which an exposed body changes temperature through radiation and convection, proportional to the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings.
56
Fill in the blank: According to Newton's Law of Cooling, the rate of temperature change is proportional to the __________ between the object and its environment.
temperature difference
57
What is the formula for Newton's Law of Cooling?
The formula is dT/dt = -k(T - T_env), where dT/dt is the rate of temperature change, k is a constant, T is the object's temperature, and T_env is the ambient temperature.
58
What is a heat engine?
A heat engine is a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical work by utilizing the heat flow from a high temperature source to a low temperature sink.
59
True or False: The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of work output to heat input.
True.
60
What is the maximum efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures?
The maximum efficiency is given by the Carnot efficiency, which is 1 - (T_cold/T_hot), where T_cold and T_hot are the absolute temperatures of the cold and hot reservoirs, respectively.
61
What are wave properties?
Wave properties refer to characteristics of waves, including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.
62
What is wavelength?
Wavelength is the distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave, typically measured in meters.
63
True or False: Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.
True.
64
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
The relationship is given by the equation v = fλ, where v is the wave speed, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength.
65
What is the period of a wave?
The period of a wave is the time taken for one complete cycle of the wave to pass a given point, typically measured in seconds.
66
Fill in the blank: The period is the reciprocal of __________.
frequency
67
What is the formula for the period of a wave?
The formula is T = 1/f, where T is the period and f is the frequency.
68
What happens to the wavelength if the frequency of a wave increases?
The wavelength decreases.
69
True or False: The speed of a wave is constant regardless of changes in wavelength and frequency.
True.
70
What is the unit of measurement for frequency?
Hertz (Hz).
71
What is the definition of amplitude in wave properties?
Amplitude is the maximum displacement of points on a wave from its rest position.
72
Fill in the blank: A sound wave with a higher amplitude will be perceived as __________ than a sound wave with a lower amplitude.
louder
73
What type of wave requires a medium to travel?
Mechanical waves.
74
True or False: Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
True.
75
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
Approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
76
What does the term 'phase' refer to in wave properties?
Phase refers to the position of a point in time on a waveform, indicating the wave's progress and its relationship to other waves.
77
Fill in the blank: Waves can interfere constructively or destructively, depending on the __________ of their phases.
alignment
78
What is the Doppler effect?
The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the wave.
79
What is the definition of frequency?
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
80
True or False: Amplitude refers to the height of a wave from its rest position.
True
81
Fill in the blank: The unit of frequency is _____.
Hertz
82
What type of wave is characterized by particle motion that is parallel to the direction of wave propagation?
Longitudinal wave
83
What is the primary difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse waves have particle motion perpendicular to wave propagation, while longitudinal waves have particle motion parallel to wave propagation.
84
True or False: Mechanical waves can travel through a vacuum.
False
85
What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength in a wave?
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related; as frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
86
What is amplitude a measure of?
Amplitude measures the maximum displacement of points on a wave from their rest position.
87
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a transverse wave? A) Sound wave B) Light wave C) Seismic P-wave D) Water wave
B) Light wave
88
Fill in the blank: In a vacuum, _____ waves cannot propagate.
Mechanical
89
What property of waves determines the energy carried by the wave?
Amplitude
90
True or False: All waves require a medium to travel.
False
91
What is the formula for calculating frequency?
Frequency (f) = 1 / Period (T)
92
What type of atomic property is related to the wave behavior of electrons?
Wave-particle duality
93
Multiple Choice: Which type of wave travels fastest in a vacuum? A) Sound wave B) Light wave C) Water wave D) Seismic S-wave
B) Light wave
94
What is a characteristic of longitudinal waves?
They consist of compressions and rarefactions.
95
Fill in the blank: The distance between two consecutive peaks of a wave is called _____.
Wavelength
96
True or False: Frequency is directly proportional to energy in electromagnetic waves.
True
97
What happens to the speed of a wave as the medium changes?
The speed of the wave changes based on the properties of the medium.
98
What is the term for the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position?
Amplitude
99
Multiple Choice: Which of the following waves is an example of a longitudinal wave? A) Light wave B) Sound wave C) Water wave D) Seismic S-wave
B) Sound wave
100
What is the significance of the wave's amplitude in sound waves?
The amplitude determines the loudness of the sound.
101
Fill in the blank: Waves that require a medium to travel are known as _____ waves.
Mechanical
102
True or False: Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
True
103
What does the term 'vacuum travel' refer to in the context of waves?
It refers to the propagation of waves in a space devoid of matter.
104
What is the effect of increasing the frequency of a wave on its wavelength?
Increasing frequency decreases the wavelength.
105
What is constructive interference?
Constructive interference occurs when two waves meet in phase, resulting in a wave of greater amplitude.
106
What is destructive interference?
Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet out of phase, resulting in a wave of reduced amplitude.
107
True or False: Nodes are points in a standing wave where the amplitude is maximum.
False
108
What are nodes in a wave?
Nodes are points in a standing wave where the amplitude is zero.
109
What are antinodes in a wave?
Antinodes are points in a standing wave where the amplitude is maximum.
110
Fill in the blank: In constructive interference, the resulting amplitude is ______ than the individual amplitudes.
greater
111
Fill in the blank: In destructive interference, the resulting amplitude is ______ than the individual amplitudes.
less
112
What is the condition for constructive interference to occur?
Constructive interference occurs when the path difference between two waves is an integer multiple of the wavelength.
113
What is the condition for destructive interference to occur?
Destructive interference occurs when the path difference between two waves is a half-integer multiple of the wavelength.
114
True or False: Antinodes are located halfway between nodes in a standing wave.
True
115
What happens to the amplitude of a wave during constructive interference?
The amplitude increases during constructive interference.
116
What happens to the amplitude of a wave during destructive interference?
The amplitude decreases during destructive interference.
117
In terms of wave phase, how do waves behave during constructive interference?
Waves are in phase during constructive interference.
118
In terms of wave phase, how do waves behave during destructive interference?
Waves are out of phase during destructive interference.
119
What type of interference occurs when two waves of equal amplitude meet in phase?
Constructive interference
120
What type of interference occurs when two waves of equal amplitude meet out of phase?
Destructive interference
121
True or False: The distance between two consecutive nodes is half the wavelength.
True
122
How can you identify an antinode on a standing wave?
An antinode can be identified as the point of maximum displacement in the wave.
123
What is the term for the point where two waves completely cancel each other out?
Node
124
What is the relationship between nodes and antinodes in a standing wave?
Nodes are points of zero amplitude, while antinodes are points of maximum amplitude, and they alternate along the wave.
125
Fill in the blank: The points of maximum displacement in a standing wave are called ______.
antinodes
126
Fill in the blank: The points of no displacement in a standing wave are called ______.
nodes
127
What phenomenon describes the interaction of waves that leads to a complex wave pattern?
Interference
128
What is the wave property that allows for both constructive and destructive interference?
Superposition
129
True or False: Interference can occur with any type of wave.
True
130
What is the result of two waves interfering constructively if they have different amplitudes?
The resultant wave will have an amplitude equal to the sum of the individual amplitudes.
