Overtraining

Question 0

What is overreaching

Answer 0

Short term decrements

Last days to several weeks

Question 1

What is in the overtraining continuum

Answer 1

Recovered 
Functional overreaching 
Non functional OR
overtraining
Burnout

Question 2

What is overtraining

Answer 2

Long term effect on performance

Lasts several weeks to months

Question 3

How long does functional over reaching last

Answer 3

Days to weeks

Question 4

How long does non functional over reacting last

Answer 4

Weeks to months

Question 5

What is burnout

Answer 5

A negative motivational emotional state

Question 6

What is unexplained underperformance syndrome

Answer 6

Persistent unexplained performance deflect despite two weeks of relative rest

Question 7

How long should rule out simple overreaching in terms of UPS

Answer 7

2 weeks of rest

Question 8

Incidence rates in adults

Answer 8

20-30%

Question 9

Problems with measuring overtraining

Answer 9

Variations in definitions
Different time scales
Higher rates with longer time scale

Question 10

How many signs are there

Answer 10

Over 90

Question 11

Some examples of signs of overtraining

Answer 11

Underperformance
Increased perceived effort
Frequent URTI
muscle soreness 
Sleep disturbances
Loss of appitite
Mood disturbances 
Apathy 
Increased conflict
Poor concentration

Question 12

Over training symptoms in endurance athletes

Answer 12

Persistent fatigue
Underperformance
Mood changes

Question 13

Overtraining symptoms in power athletes

Answer 13

Mood changes

Underperformance

Question 14

What is a possible pyshiological cause

Answer 14

Cortisol

Question 15

During NFOR what happens in relation to cortisol

Answer 15

Concentrations enhanced
Decreased T:C ration
Chronic elevation desentisises hypothalamus to cortisol which increases production

Question 16

What happens to cortisol during overtrained

Answer 16

Signs of HPA axis dysfunction due to over load

Cortisol reduced

Question 17

What are issues with measuring cortisol as a measure of overtraining

Answer 17

Seasonal - winter higher levels

Diurnal rythm

Question 18

What shaped curve is produced with training volume and risk of infection

Answer 18

J shaped

Question 19

What do overtrained athletes report having more of

Answer 19

Upper respiratory tract infections

Question 20

When can increased infections occur

Answer 20

1-2 weeks after intense training

Question 21

What is the open window hypothesis

Answer 21

Increased airflow during exercise
Increased exposure
Increased lymphocyte apoptosis
Increased cortisol 
Decreased natural killer cell activity

Question 22

Is igA increased or reduced in overtrained

Answer 22

Reduced

Question 23

In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens at rest

Answer 23

Slightly high PNS. To control heart rate

Question 24

In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens after training

Answer 24

SNS remains the same | PNS increases

Question 25

In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens in early over training

Answer 25

Sympathetic type | Big rise in SNS

Question 26

In terms of the PNS SNS balance what happens in late overtraining

Answer 26

Parasympathetic type Same PNS levels Decrease in SNS

Question 27

What are other physiological markers

Answer 27

Decreased : ``` Peak vo2 RER peak lactate Testosterone Anaerobic power MSFT performance Hb and hct Serum electrolyte Serum glucose and FFA gh White cell count ``` Increased SNS activity

Question 28

What are some psychological questionnaires

Answer 28

POMS/TDS DALDA ABQ

Question 29

In the profile of mood state questionaire what do overtrained and healthy athletes do

Answer 29

Healthy athletes Depression barley changes Vigour declines OTS more pronounced changes in all categories Depression increases

Question 30

What is and when is the TDS used

Answer 30

Training distress scale and shortened version of POMS Best used monthly and looks at the past week

Question 31

Components of the ABQ

Answer 31

Physical emotional exhaustion Reduced sense of accomplishment Sport devaluation

Question 32

In the ABQ what score is better

Answer 32

Lower

Question 33

Issues surrounding questionnaires

Answer 33

Social desirability bias Day to day variation What is a high or low score

Question 34

What are causes of overtraining

Answer 34

``` Excessive exercise Insufficient recovery Monotony High intensity to early Frequent important competitions Poor diet chronic energy balance Environmental stress Psychological stress ```

Question 35

What does the single identity theory suggest

Answer 35

Little spare time less than 5hrs a week Identity based sport Self esteem and self worth based on success Friends through the sport

Question 36

What does entrapment suggest

Answer 36

``` Despite low motivation to continue an athlete feels unable to stop due to: Active burnout Single identity Conditional love Guilt ```

Question 37

How many factors do depression and overtraining share

Answer 37

7

Question 38

What factors do overtraining and depression share

Answer 38

Numerous factors initiate the disorder Dose response Mental and physical performance impaired Mood changes Resolution requires weeks or months if rest Clinical features vary between individuals Symptoms are non specific and numerous

Question 39

What should screening be and include

Answer 39

Holistic Performance tests Physiological markers Psychological Sociological

Question 40

Prevention techniques

Answer 40

``` Periodisation Psychological Training diary Nutritional Infections Social support ```