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History - Civil rights (NA) > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

original lifestyles of the NA

A

nomadic
had tribal laws and governments
languages
own cultures and ceremonies

lived off buffalo

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2
Q

gold rush

A

gold discovered in 1849 in california
increasing numbers of people moving west

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3
Q

westward expansion

A

the government adopted a policy of influencing white sttlers to inhabit the planes, slowly removing the NA from their lands

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4
Q

the plain wars

A

a series of clashes between na and the army throughout and after the civil war
the most notorious of these was teh sand creek massacre in 1864

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5
Q

homestead act

A
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6
Q

UPR

A

Union Pacific railroad
It’s construction accelerated westward expansion and further disrupted buffallo

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7
Q

reservation policy

A

the governemnt had dedicated land for na to live on

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8
Q

manifest destiny

A

belief by white amrericans that they had been chosen to inhabit the land

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9
Q

battle of little bighorn

A

1876
souix indians left their reservation
gebneral custer attempted to push them back in but they knew the land better than the army and outnumbered him
the army were scattered

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10
Q

the dawes act

A

1887
in the belief that land ownership would assimilate na, they were given allotments
160 acres fam land and 320 of grazing land
they paid taxes and therefore were no longer wards of teh state

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11
Q

wounded knee

A

1890
unarmed sioux indians left their reservation and werte gunned down

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12
Q

the curtis act

A

1898
removed the rights of na to be subject to their own tibal laws and government

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13
Q

meriam report

A

1928 report lead by social scientists
Denounced reservation policy and highlighted the poverty and distress of Native American

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14
Q

lone wolf v hitchcock

A

1903
allowed the us governemnt to revoke any treaty rights

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15
Q

cherokee nation v hitchcock

A

1902
denied them the right to livce by their own religion and culture

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16
Q

SAI

A

formed in 1911
50 educated na
teh first attempt to campaign for imporvment in healtythcare and better education
by the 1920s they hadnt achieved much due to lack of funds and support by na

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17
Q

WWI

A

10,000 fought and gained recognition for bravery
the governemnt also instigated urbanisation, as they pushed na to move to industrial areas

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18
Q

Indian citizenship act 1924

A

not that na wanted it, they were given the right to vote.
howerver 2/3 already had the right to vote due to the dawes act 1887
this did not always mean that theyw ere able to vote in state elections - discrimiantion

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19
Q

New deal

A

the new deal provided the foundation for refroms of the 1970s

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20
Q

Indian reocgnition act
(wheeler howard act)

A

john collier (1934)
* more influence over their reseravtions
* given the right to pratcise tehir culturestopped teh sale of NA land

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21
Q

WWII

A

25,000 served
75,000 in industry
those in reservations faced harship as funding was diverted
native veterans forced back after war
code breakers

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22
Q

NCAI

A

formed in 1944 as a result of teh wartime
realsied that to bring abotu real change the movement needed unity
worked through the court sto challengde unequal employment and ecuation aswell as breaking of treaties

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23
Q

ICC

Study These Flashcards
A

formed in 1944
indian clamins commison set up by congress due to pressure from the ncai
* intended to allow them to regain land they had lost
* however they acted slowly and couldnt keep up with the number of claims
* also attempted to compensate them with money

24
Q

Harison v laveen

Study These Flashcards
A

1948
despite getting the right to vote in 1924 due to the citizenship act - an example of the prevention of NA being able to vote

25
termination policy
began in 1953 inended to accelrate termination policy it intended to change their role as wards of teh government, subjecting them to the same laws as other citizens essentially ended teh reconition of tribes and treaty rights
26
indian vocational training
1956 provided them with training in vocational skills ect to make them employable termination policy
27
national indian youth council
1961 NIYC formed pursuit of NA civil rights such as religious fredom fish ins in washington lawsuits and protests
28
JFK
jfk made a pledge to NA that he would improve reservation conditions, but this had not been achieved by the time of his death
29
Red power
a movement of young native americnas, inspired by their own injsutrice and black power engaged in high profile activities such as the fish in in washington and the purusuit of native soveriegnty in the 1960s
30
President johnson and the forgotten american
1968 johnson named the native american as the forgotten americans
31
AIM
formed in 1968 during red power militant organisation that took uop issues of discirmination. patrolled the streets in red berays, reducing the number of arrests of young na
32
Alcatraz occupation
1969-1971 lead by richard oaks began with just 14 but 80 were soon there recieved global media coverage accelerated teh red power movement
33
presdient nixons speech to congress
1970 he denounced the treatement of na in the past highlighted their poverty and degridation particulalry opposed termination plicy and the poverty it caused
34
occupation of mount rushmore
1971 during red power occupier mount rushmore as a sacred burial griounbd for the lakota souix indians they were eventually removed
35
AIM took over bureau of indian affairs
1972 during a protest to raise concerns over the position of NA in washington. violnce arrupted and soin the protetsors found themlsves without accomodation, taking over the BIA headquaters
36
occupation of wounded knee
1973 occupation of wounded knee, the site of the 1890 massacre
37
the indian self determination act
1975 passed by ford following nixons reformative administration allowed tribes to take control of their own provisions such as healthcare and ecuation
38
the indian education asistance act
1975 gave na parents more involvemtn in their childrens education
39
oneida v oneida and maddison counties, new york
1974 opened the floodgates for future claims to land
40
The american indian policy review
1975 set up to review the historiucal and legal relationship between the governemtn and na
41
Fisher v montana
1976 allowed tribes rights over teh adoption of na children this was the begining of a series of policies to ensure na family stability
42
The indian child welfare act
1978 prevented mostly the removal of na chilkdren from their families due to culture
43
united states v sioux nation
1980 ruled that the sioux nation were netitled to 17.5 million dollars compensation for their lost lands the tribe rejected it because they wanted the land, not comopensation
44
seminole tribe v butterworth
1982 allowed them to have gambling premises on their reservations even though its illegal under federal law
45
charrier v bell
1986 allowed them the righst to remains buried in lousiana
46
native american graves pro-tection and repatriation act
due to the work of NARF
47
columbus day
1992 NA protests over the celebration of Columbus day
48
impact of reservation policy
intended on assimilating NA * prohibited their nomadic lifestyle * crushed tribalism * converting them to crhistianity * re-educating na children
49
meriam report
1928 social scientists =, condeming allotment policy and desribed teh dreadful position of NA in society
50
result of the meriam report
hoover appointed charles roades to follow what was suggested in the report * closure of off-reservation shcools * funding to improve healthcare * however nothing was done to stop allotment policy
51
other work of john collier
as commisioner of indian affairs * na became more involved in the BIA * stimulated an interest in NA culture * used new deal funding to imporve reservations
52
position of na in the 1960s
* had begun to urbanise, 60,000 left reservations * 25% were cklassified as poor * life expectancy 20 yrs below white people *
53
reforms of Nixon
* appointed mohawk sioux as commisioner of indian affairs * 1970 pledge to retrubn lands * emphasis on refroms of na education, indian edcuation act * prefernce of na in the bia
54
native american relgiious freedom act
1978 allowed them rights to their sacred objects and those remains in museums and burial grounds
55
NARF
formed in 1970 to protect the rights of NA and their tribal culture its biggest campaign was for the return of lands and nativer soveriegnty was also vital in supreme court cases

History - Civil rights (NA) (14 decks)

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