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History - Civil rights (TU) > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

closed shop

A

Where all employees are obliges to be members of one union, dominating the workplace

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2
Q

william h sylvis

A

One of the first leaders to promote working class solidarity
Formed the iron moulders international union
Formed the NLU

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3
Q

National Labour union

A

1866
Attempt to cross craft lines and establish a singular union
8hr day
Economic reform
End of convict labour
Immigration restrciton
300,000 members in 1869 but Sylvis died, ending it

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4
Q

Knights of labour

A

1869 by uriah Steven’s but didn’t gain traction unti under Terrance Powderly in 1879
Wanted to unit skilled and unskilled labour aswell as women and races
8hr work day
End of child labour
By 1886 there were 700,000 members including 50,000 AA

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5
Q

national negro labour union

A

Formed in 1869 after pressure from unions to form their own, all black union
However it was unsuccessful in its aims to join with white skilled unions

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6
Q

crash on the wall street stock exchange

A

25%unemployment
Lead to an increased number of disputes amongst employer and employee as they became more desperate.
However only 10% were unionised as they did not have th right to strike

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7
Q

molly maguires

A

Irish immigrant miners, fighting for better conditions in the pensylvania mines
In 1873 after wage cuts, railroad cars were derailed and fires set

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8
Q

Terence v powderly

A

Took over the KOL in 1879

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9
Q

contract system

A

Workers were employed and could be laid off whenever the employers chose

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10
Q

haymarket affair

A

1886 following unrest at the McCormick harvester plant, whereby 4 workers were shot - unrest broke out in haymarket. A bomb was thrown, killing 7 police .
5 German arrested - immigrant animosity

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11
Q

the AFL

A

Effectively replaced KOL when it was formed in 1886
Samuel Gompers
Acted as a union, with a variety of smaller unions amongst it - allowing them teh bargaining power
2mill members in 1914

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12
Q

Laissez faire

A

The stance of teh federal government that there should be little government interference with big business
This gave employers unprecedented power

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13
Q

andrew carnegie

A

Held a steel monopoly

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14
Q

john d rockeffler

A

held an oil monopoly

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15
Q

sherman anti-trust act

A

One of teh first moves by the government to stop monpolies

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16
Q

the homestead strike

A

1892
Following a series of strikes by the AA it was clear they held control of homestead steel work.
Henry clay frick began negotiations however by June no agreement was ,met an he locked the union out
Unrest broke out, the town was surrounded by picket lines
Ended with frick shot and the strikers were offered unconditional surrender

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17
Q

the pullman strike

A

1894 workers of teh Pullman police car company went on strike due to a 25% cut in wages and 1/3rd of workforce laid off.
This was not met with a reduction in the cost of loiving.
ARU and eugene debs took over, calling aru members to stop using Pullman cars.
This brought rail roads effectivekly to stand still
AG responded by issuing an order against interfering with mail
Soon federal troops were sent in to break teh strike

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18
Q

collective bargaining

A

when employees bandf together to push for bettwe conditions or wages ect

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19
Q

WTUL

A

set up in 1903 to encoruage women to organise and also opposed the sweatshop working conditions

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20
Q

lochner v new york

A

1905
Invoked the 14th amendment and ruled that a 10hr working day was unconstitutional

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21
Q

triangle shirtwaist factory

A

fire broke out in 1911 in a factory
killed 145 - poor health and saftey

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22
Q

welfare capitalism

A

adopted by henry ford - ie 8hr work day

23
Q

impact of wwI

A

prodcution increased by 35%
real wages rose by 20%
NWLB would ensure labour rights in retrun for no stike policy
union membership almost doubled

24
Q

nativism

A

The negative reaction of white Americans to the influx of immigrant labour

25
Q

real wages

A

The wages of employees in the context of the economy and what it can actuallly buy

26
Q

yellow dog contact

A

Contracts preventing employees from joining unions

27
Q

BSCP

A

Brother hood of sleeping car porters in the Pullman company.
The company was pone of the largest employers of AA, however they were treated poorly.
Heavily reliant on tips
Ridiculed by white customers (George)
Half their wages spent on uniform and board
10% of their time unpaid (setting up etc)
No availability for promotion

28
Q

wall street crash

A

led to the closure of factories and unemployment of 25% by 1933
unemployment of AA was double that of white people
growing conflicts between employers and employees as they became desperate
however there was adecrease in union membership due to the lack of right to strike

29
Q

new deal

A

1933 Roosevelt was given 100 days to implement a programme to get Americans back to work

30
Q

national industry recovery act

A

1933
The NIRA created the NRA

31
Q

NRA - national recovery administration

A

1933
Foster co-operation and implement common codes of practise such as wage rates and working hours aswell as recognising union rights
By 1934 557 codes has been agreed

32
Q

national labour relations board

A

Set up by the Wagner act 1935
Had teh power to bargain on behalf of employees and reinstate those who had been unfairly dismissed

33
Q

CIO

A

1937
Congress of industrial organisations
Set up to organise labour in mass production industries but also provided consisten support for equality in labour - giving aa CONFIDENCE

34
Q

the fair labor standards act

A

1938
25 dollar min wage
End of child labour
40 hr work week

35
Q

wwII

A
  • Control was effectively given to the government over production - reducing the power of employers.
  • trade union membership gre to nearly 15 million by 1945
  • unemployment fell below a million by 1945 - providing jobs for women and AA ect
  • president had the power to sieze striking plants
  • illegal to instigate strikes
36
Q

NWLB

A

1942
created to deal with wage disputes.
they permitted a 15% cost ofliving icrease - leading to an increase of wages by 70% during the war

37
Q

the taft-hartley act (the labour management relations act)

A

1947 in the context of the red scare - the governemnt wanted to purge unions and ban closed shops -
significanlty recuced teh pwoer of unions such as teh CIO

38
Q

blue collar

A

industrial or manual jobs

39
Q

AFL-CIO formed

A

1955
born from the increasing awarnes that the movement needed solidarity

40
Q

JFK

A

‘new frontier’
the progess of kennedy was limited by congress - a democrat-repubcian coalition.

41
Q

white collar

A

professional, clerical, sales jobs ect

42
Q

Equal pay act

A

one of the sucsesses of JFK
madepay discrimination on the bases or race or gender illegal

43
Q

president johnson

A

greater society
his policy was to reduce teh number of people below the poverty line
this policy had less emphasis on labour rights

44
Q

the civil rights act

A

passed under johnson in the greater society policy 1964
prohibited discimination - which benefited aa and hispanics who experienced job discirmination

45
Q

the economic opportunity act

A

1964 - passed by johnson
provided young people with edcuation and vocational skils to increase employabilkity

46
Q

the age discrimination act

A

1968-johnson
prohibited age disicrimination for those betwen 40-75

47
Q

occupational safety and health act

A
48
Q

CBTU

A

coalition of black trade unions formed in 1972
showed particular interest in the position of aa workers

49
Q

CLUW

A

coalition of labour union women
1974 - became affiliated with the AFL-CIO

50
Q

PACTO strike

A

1981- air traffic ocntrollers wetn on strike, demadning 32hr work week and a $10,000 dollar wage raise - 13,000 walked out
by going on strike, the workers went against a 1955 law stating gov workers coulkdnt.
in response reagan satted taht those who did nto return would be termenanted peremmantely and tarining for new tarffic contriollers was accelerated

51
Q

Impact of early industrialisation

A

traditional skills were dispareadig , growing unskilled workforce - who made just 1/3rd of what skilled workers did.
theyw orked long days for poor money and any righst they had were negotiated on an indivudal level with employers

52
Q

AA

A

Amalgamated association of iron and steel workers

53
Q

Wagner act

A

1935
Aimed to regulate and resolve labour disputes
Gave unions the right to collective bargaining and allowed employees to join
Also created the NRLB

History - Civil rights (TU) (13 decks)

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