Overview

Question 1

the scientific study of the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and use of drugs

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

is essential to providing safe and accurate medication administration to your patients.

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics

Question 4

the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions

Answer 4

Pharmacodynamics

Question 5

the use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

Answer 5

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 6

deals with natural drugs & their constituents, as well as sources, procurement & chemistry of natural products

Answer 6

Pharmacognosy

Question 7

is a scientific name that precisely describes the drug’s atomic and molecular structure.

Answer 7

chemical name

Question 8

an abbreviation of the chemical name

Answer 8

generic, or nonproprietary name

Question 9

selected by the drug company selling the product

Answer 9

trade name

Question 10

______ names are protected by copyright.

Answer 10

Trade

Question 11

groups drugs by their shared characteristics.

Answer 11

pharmacologic class

Question 12

groups drugs by their therapeutic use

Answer 12

therapeutic class

Question 13

In ________, the federal government mandated the use of official names so that only one official name would represent each drug.

Answer 13

1962

Question 14

The official names are listed in the ________ and ___________

Answer 14

United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

Question 15

an example of a pharmacologic class.

Answer 15

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Question 16

an example of a therapeutic class

Answer 16

Antihypertensive

Question 17

Plants: active principles

Answer 17

1. Alkaloids
2. Glycosides
3. Volatile Oil
4. Resins
5. Gums
6. Tannins

Question 18

are a diverse group of bitter-tasting, organic, basic substances plants

Answer 18

1. Alkaloids

Question 19

Generally given names that end in “ine”

Answer 19

Alkaloids

Question 20

Examples of Alkaloids

Answer 20

Morphine
Cocaine
Atropine
Quinine
Nicotine
Caffeine

Question 21

compounds that consist of sugar units, usually glucose, & aglycone

Answer 21

Glycosides

Question 22

A nonsugar component

Answer 22

Aglycone

Question 23

Examples of glycosides

Answer 23

• Digitalis —> digoxin
• glycogen

Question 24

may be used as aromatics & as flavoring agents like peppermint, menthol, and cinnamon

Answer 24

Volatile oil

Question 25

an example of volatile oil used as antiseptic & for rubs (like vicks vaporub)

Answer 25

wintergreen oil

Question 26

are complex substances of plant origin that are amorphous in structure

Answer 26

Resins

Question 27

insoluble in water but mostly soluble in alcohol

Answer 27

Resins

Question 28

a type of resin used as laxative

Answer 28

Podophyllum (mandrake)

Question 29

a type of resin astringent used in Hemorrhoidal prep

Answer 29

vian balsam

Question 30

these are translucent, amorphous, hydrocolloidal masses

Answer 30

Gums

Question 31

Examples of gums used as bulk laxatives

Answer 31

karaya agar carrageenan

Question 32

used as antiseptic & astringent for bed sores, to stop bleeding, treat rashes and alleviate other conditions of soreness

Answer 32

Tannic acid

Question 33

Tannin’s presence in many herbal teas as well as ordinary tea has been linked to occurrence of ________

Answer 33

esophageal cancer

Question 34

Animals

Answer 34

- Liver - thyroid - insulin - cortisone

Question 35

4 sources of mineral products

Answer 35

1. Elementary substances 2. Free acids 3. Metallic hydroxide 4. Salts

Question 36

Elementary substances

Answer 36

a) oxygen b) iodine c) iron

Question 37

Free acids

Answer 37

a) Boric acid b) Hydrochloric Acid

Question 38

Metallic hydroxide

Answer 38

A) aluminum hydroxide B. Aluminum magnesium (kremil s)

Question 39

Salts

Answer 39

A) magnesium sulfate B) magnesium trisilicate

Question 40

Magnesium sulfate

Answer 40

- Epsom salt - as a cathartic

Question 41

Magnesium trisilicate

Answer 41

Gastric antacid

Question 42

derived by chemical modification of natural substances

Answer 42

Semi-synthetic

Question 43

a new method of drug production based on recombinant DNA technology

Answer 43

Genetic engineering

Question 44

made in the laboratory and mainly composed of pure chemicals

Answer 44

Synthetic drugs

Question 45

branch of the pharmaceutical science most directly concerned with the synthesis of new drug substances

Answer 45

Medicinal chemistry

Question 46

Examples of synthetic drugs

Answer 46

hematropine barbiturates sulphonamides

Question 47

the most active component in plants

Answer 47

Alkaloids

Question 48

react with acids to form a salt that’s able to dissolve more readily in body fluids

Answer 48

Alkaloids

Question 49

are naturally occurring active components that are found in plants and have both beneficial and toxic effects

Answer 49

Glycosides

Question 50

They usually have names that end in “-in,” such as digoxin

Answer 50

Glycosides

Question 51

give products the ability to attract and hold water

Answer 51

Gums

Question 52

Example of gums

Answer 52

Seaweed extractions Seeds with starch

Question 53

the chief source is pine tree sap, commonly act as local irritants or as laxatives and caustic agents

Answer 53

Resins

Question 54

thick and sometimes greasy liquids, are classified as volatile or fixed.

Answer 54

Oils

Question 55

Examples of volatile oils, which readily evaporate, include ________, _______, and _________.

Answer 55

peppermint, spearmint, and juniper

Question 56

oils which aren’t easily evaporated, include castor oil and olive oil

Answer 56

Fixed oils

Question 57

The drugs obtained from animal sources include:

Answer 57

• hormones, such as insulin • oils and fats (usually fixed), such as cod-liver oil • enzymes, which are produced by living cells and act as catalysts, such as pancreatin and pepsin • vaccines, which are suspensions of killed, modified, or attenuated microorganisms

Question 58

provide various inorganic materials not available from plants or animals.

Answer 58

Metallic and nonmetallic minerals

Question 59

are used as they occur in nature or they’re combined with other ingredients.

Answer 59

Mineral sources

Question 60

Examples of drugs that contain minerals are

Answer 60

Iron, iodine, and Epsom salts

Question 61

Laboratory processed drugs include

Answer 61

thyroid hormone (from natural sources) cimetidine (from synthetic sources)

Question 62

process of the reordering of genetic information enables scientists to develop bacteria that produce insulin for humans

Answer 62

Genetic Engineering