Overview

Question 1

Main stages in Drug Discovery

Answer 1

1. Early Drug Discovery
2. Preclinical research
3. Clinical Drug Development process
4. Regulatory approval

Question 2

Involves finding new medications

Answer 2

Early Drug Discovery

Question 3

helps identify treatments or existing disease through modern testing methods

Answer 3

Reverse pharmacology

Question 4

Steps in Early Discovery

Answer 4

1. Target Identification and validation
2. HIT Discovery Process
3. Assay development & Screening
4. High Throughput screening
5. HIT to Lead
6. Lead optimization

Question 5

finds a gene or protein (therapeutic agent) that plays a significant role in disease

Answer 5

target Identification and validation

Question 6

identifies hit compounds that interact effectively with a specific biological target, such as protein or enzyme linked to a disease.

Answer 6

HIT discovery process

Question 7

show initial promise in modulating the target’s activity and can serve as starting points for further drug development

Answer 7

HIT discovery process

Question 8

Evaluate the effects of the new drug candidate at the cellular, molecular, and biochemical levels

Answer 8

Assay Development and Screening

Question 9

Drug Discovery method used to rapidly test thousands to millions of chemical compounds for their potential cell receptor associated with a disease

Answer 9

High Throughput Screening

Question 10

stage in drug discovery that involves optimizing initial “hit” compounds.

Answer 10

Hit to Lead

Question 11

chemically refined versions of hits with improved therapeutic properties that make them more suitable for further drug development

Answer 11

Lead

Question 12

conducts experimental testing using animal efficacy models and ADMET tools, designing the drug candidate

Answer 12

Lead Optimization

Question 13

Molecules that are effective at much smaller dosage levels than standard APIs

Answer 13

High Potency Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Question 14

Classified based on toxicity, pharmacological potency, and occupational exposure limits, and used in complex drug development involving more than ten steps

Answer 14

High Potency APIs

Question 15

Pharmacokinetic process of measuring the ways the new drug affects the body.

Answer 15

Absorption, Distribution, Disposition, metabolism, and excretion

Question 16

conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug once a lead compound is found and preclinical phase of drug development begins

Answer 16

in vivo research

Question 17

establishes that the basic idea behind a treatment strategy works in a real-world setting

Answer 17

Proof of concept

Question 18

a step further, providing initial evidence that the drug not only works as expected but also produces a meaningful therapeutic outcome. More comprehensive studies and focus on mechanism of action.

Answer 18

Proof of Principle

Question 19

preclinical research examples are the development of new drugs using mice, rat, and dog models

Answer 19

In vivo

Question 20

research conducted in the laboratory

Answer 20

In vitro

Question 21

uses animal cells or tissues from non-living animal

Answer 21

Ex vivo

Question 22

newest type of study wherein test systems or biological experiments are performed on a computer or via computer simulation

Answer 22

In Silico assays

Question 23

Goal of drug delivery

Answer 23

prevent the drug from interacting with healthy tissues while still being effective.

Question 24

Focused on refining the drug’s form and how it is absorbed in the body to ensure maximum therapeutic effect and safety

Answer 24

Formulation Optimization and Improving bioavailability

Question 25

Formulation Optimization goals

Answer 25

enhancing stability Improving solubility and dissolution rate controlled release patience convenience and compliance

Question 26

Improving bioavailability

Answer 26

Enhancing solubility Bypassing first-pass metabolism use of permeation enhancers encapsulation techniques