Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

wound care > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Epidermis has _____ layers
Is it vascular or avascular?
Contains _____,_____, and ____

A

5
avascular
melanocytes, melanin, langerhan cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dermis as _____ layers
Contains _____ and _____ connective tissue
Is it vascular or vascular?

A

2
collagen and elastin
vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are found here?

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymphatics, blood feels and nerve endings are found _____?

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

There dermis contains what 4 type of cells?

A

fibroblast, macrophages, WBCs, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subcutaneous tissues are composed of ______ and ____. They are highly ______. _______ is used for energy.

A

adipose and fascia
vascularized
fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stratum Corneum is the ______ ______ layer containing dead ________. It makes up _______ of the epidermis.

A

outter most
keratinocytes
3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A callus makes up what layer of the epidermis and is made due to what two forces?

A

stratum corneum

friction and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum basal

A

flattened, dead keratinocytes, appear clear in microscope

3-5 rows of flattened cells with increases concentrations of keratin

several rows of mature keratinocytes, spear spiny under the microscope

single row of keratinocytes that produce the keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the basement membrane doe?

A

scaffolding and selective filter between the epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many days does it take for cells to travel from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

A

14-21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the epidermis get its blood supply?

A

Diffusion of nutrients from the dermis across the semipermeable basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

melanocytes produce?
merkel cells are?
langerhan cells do what?
Hair follicles are made of ______ and help with ___

A

melanin protecting from UV rays
Mechanoreceptors for light touch cells
fight infection by attacking and engulfing foreign material
soft keratin, temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hair follicles contain _____ that secrete _____ which to ______ the skin and hair.

A

sebaceous glands
sebum
lubricate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are sudiferous glands?
Where are they located?
2 functions?

A

Sweat glands
Everywhere but lips and ears
cool the body and sow the grow of bacteria this reducing infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nails are made of _______. They arise from the ________. Nails can be used ______ and provide _______ to the digits.

A

hard keratin
stratum germinativum
functionally, protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the papillary dermis?

What are its two functions?

A

ground substance that conforms to the contours of the stratum basal

Helps anchor the dermis and protects epidermal appendages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blisters form where?

A

Papillary dermis junction to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The reticular layer is made up of __________ which provides ________. It is much ______ than the papillary layer.

A

DCT
structural support
deeper and thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the functions of the epidermis

A 
physical and chemical barrier 
regulates fluids
produce melanin and coloration
light touch sensation
asset with excretion
temp regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the functions of the dermis

A 
house epidermal appendages
assist with infection control
hair production
temp regulation
house sensory receptors
supplies nutrients and O2 to epidermis
supplies sebum to lubricate and protect the epidermis
vitamin D production in response to sunlight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue?

A

insulation
support
padding
energy storage for other layers of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are structural changes of the skin that occur due to aging?

A 
Flattening of dermal-epidermal junction pegs
epidermal thinning
loss of elastin fibers
atrophy of dermis
diminished vascularization
increased skin permeability 
decreased inflammatory
decreased sweat and sebum production
decreased synthesis
impaired sensory perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The inflammatory phase begins immediately and last ________ with the goal being to provide _______ and clear away _______.

A

3-7 days
hemostasis
bacteria, foreign material, and dead tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which cells are phagocytic and and stimulate fibroblast activity for the proliferative stage?
macrophages
26
What are the steps to the vascular response of the inflammatory phase?
1. injury 2. transudate leaks causing localized edema 3. vasoconstriction 4. platelets aggregate at the injury site 5. Platelets release chemical mediators 6. vasodilation
27
What mediates vasoconstriction to occur in the vascular response of the inflammatory phase?
serotonin, norepinephrine, ANS
28
What activates the platelets to aggregate at the site of the injury?
damaged endothelial cells and exposed collagen
29
What do platelets release? What do these things do?
cytokines: signaling protein GF: control cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism Chemotactic agents: attract cells necessary for repair
30
_____ released by mast cells increase vessel wall _______ for short term vasodilation. _______ released by injured cells cause long term vasodilation.
Histamine permeability Prostaglandin
31
Increased cell wall permeability causes _______ in blood volume. This slows blood flow specifically the _______. The slower ones are pushed to the side which is known as ______. These cells then undergo ____ which is when the they adhere to the endothelium and force their way into the interstitial space. They then migrate by the means of ________.
``` decrease PMNs Margination Diapedesis Chemotaxis ```
32
PMNs release chemotactic agents and mediators that do what 3 functions? What other two things do PMNs do?
Attract more PMNs Stimulate fibroblast migration Induce vascular growth Secrete enzymes to break down damaged tissue and kill bacteria Phagocytic bacteria and debris
33
What cells come after PMNs? Once in the interstitum they become _______ and release _______ and ______. They perform _________ and direct the repair process in what 3 ways?
``` monocytes macrophages N.O. and bacterial enzymes Phagocytosis 1.signal extent of injury 2. attract more inflammatory cells 3. produce GF ```
34
What three substances are released during the inflammatory response that should not be release during the proliferative stage?
ascorbic acid, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide.
35
Which cell stimulates the beginning of the proliferative stage?
Macrophages
36
What is fibinolysin?
dissolves clots and plugs
37
What is Fibroplasia? Endothelial budding? Myofibroblast?
fibroblast synthesis for granulation tissue vessels from surrounding tissue migrate to supply nutrients perform wound contraction at margins
38
What are the components of the collagen matrix in the proliferative stage?
collagen, hyaluronic acid, elastin and fibronectin
39
Angiogenesis is directed by what three things?
1. local tissue ischemia 2. vascular endothelial GF 3. chemical mediators
40
What are Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) ?
Produced by fibroblast, keratinocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages to degrade the debris formed during the inflammatory phase leaving a defect.
41
Within the granulation tissue, _______ provides a scaffold for contact guidance through the receptors of cells called _______ found on their surface.
Extracellular matrix integrins
42
Fibroblast are guided by ________ agents and low _____ tension
chemotactic agents | O2
43
___________ are actin-rich fibroblast that pull on the ECM and draw the wound to close know as the process of ________.
Myofibroblast | contraction
44
Epitheliazation/ Maturation phase last ______ to ______. Collagen fibers align to _________. The tensile strength of the scar tissue is on _____-_____% of the original skin.
6 months to 2 years stress 70-80%
45
what are 2 things that can go wrong in inflammation phase?
Inadequate stimulus for repair Inadequate perfusion/ischemia
46
How can granulation be impaired?
increased amounts of inflammatory cytokines low lvls of GF cytokines Inadequate substrates ( proteins, vitamins, minerals Inadequate Oxygenation Disruption of the pH and temp
47
the imbalance of _______/________ activity during the remodeling phase can lead to ______ or ____?
lysis/synthesis dehiscence or hypertrophy
48
Partial thickness wounds heal by the process of ____? which on take ____-_____ hours
re-epithelialization/ regeneration
49
What are the 4 phases of a full thickness wound?
Inflammation Granulation/Proliferation Epithelialization Maturation/remodeling
50
Wound edges are _____ and will gradually adhere. If they are not this, then it is know enduration which is ________ around the wound
soft, | hardness
51
Intrinsic Factors affecting healing
``` age chronic disease immunosuppression sensory impairment presence of foreign body tissue perfusion malnutrition ```
52
Extrinsic Factors affecting healing
``` smoking medication nutrition chemotherapy/radiation stress trauma infection of microbial overload ```
53
Edema cuts of ______% of blood supply
40
54
Iatrogenic factors affecting healing
local ischemia, treatment choices, trauma
55
What do you assess about the skin?
``` color moisture turgor degenerative changes scar tissue hair pattern (no hair=no blood supply_ weight of person ```
56
How do u calculate the ABI? who is this test invalid for? What are 3 other methods that can be used?
ankle systolic pressure / brachial systolic pressure diabetics pulses rubor of dependency test semmes-weinstein monofilament
57
epiboly? how do fix it?
epithelization occurs downwards and under instead of across debridement or silver nitrate to promote inflammatory phase again
58
Pressure Ulcers are______ while diabetic ulcers are ______.
staged, graded
59
Granulation tissue has what characteristics?
``` beefy red bump bleeds easily sometimes painful fragile ```
60
When there is inflammation still occurring during the process of granulation, this can lead to _______ also known as _______.
hypergranulation proud flesh
61
What are the two types of necrotic tissue?
slough and eschar
62
re-etpithelialized tissue could be ______ or _____ in color
pink or purple
63
What are the 4 types of drainage? describe them
serous: clear fluid sanguinous: has blood serosanguinous: blood and clear fluid mixed purulent: puss
64
what is maceration? how do u correct problem?
moist wound edges white fragile peeling more absorptive dressing increase frequency of dressings utilize skin barriers/skin prep
65
what are signs of infection?
induration, fever, erythema, edema, odor, purulence, increased pain, friable tissue, change in color
66
what is induration and fiable?
induration= hardness fiable= can't hold structure
67
paper cuts, surgical incision, and small cutaneous wounds close by
primary intention
68
what must be built in secondary intention wound closure that doesn't occur in primary intention?
granulation tissue matrix must be built and wound contraction achieved
69
short term goals are ____-_____ weeks and consist of?
``` 2-4 weeks Promote moist clean environment Reduce/localize erythema-measure Reduce/control edema Shift drainage from purulent to serous reduce the drainage from copious to mod/min pain control with dressing or positioning choices improve periwound integrity to promote contraction soften necrosis to prepare debridement reduce risk factors for infection control drainage with dressings education ```
70
long term goals are _____- ______ weeks and consist of?
``` 4-6 weeks reduce necrosis by a % promote granulation % reduce size of undermining,tract, or tunnel by cm's reduce wound size by cm's tissue perfusion and O2 are enhanced complications are reduced ```
71
Long term goals in healing for diabetics are?
``` loading on a body part is decreased protection of a body part is increased tolerance to activités are increased weight bearing status is improved awareness and use of comm. resources improve ```
72
Long term goals in healing for vascular insufficiency are?
pain is decreased protection of a body part is increased sense of well-being is increased swelling, inflammation or restriction is reduced tolerance to positions and activities are increased
73
Long term goals in healing for pressure ulcers?
loading on a body part is decreased protection of a body part is improved sense of well-being is improved tolerance to positions and activities is increased

wound care (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions