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MSS - CV Exam 2 > Overview of CV Receptors and Drug Classes > Flashcards

Overview of CV Receptors and Drug Classes Flashcards

1
Q

all preganglionic neurons?

A

cholinergic

-ACh release to nAChR

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2
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic?

A

cholinergic

-ACh release mAChR

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3
Q

somatic muscle neuron?

A

ACh release to nAChR

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4
Q

sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

A

NE release to alpha/beta receptors

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5
Q

sympathetic postganglionic to renal?

A

dopamine release to D1 receptor

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6
Q

release at adrenal medulla?

A

ACh release to nAChR

- stimulates release of Epi and NE

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7
Q

release at sweat glands?

A

ACh release to nAChR preganglionic

ACh release to mAChR postganglionic

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8
Q

do we have drugs at the nAChR?

A

yes, but not very often used clinically
-because we would have such widespread affect

-ex/ nerve gas, insecticide

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9
Q

adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha and beta

-GPCRs

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10
Q

muscarine on heart?

A

M2

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11
Q

muscarinic receptor?

A

GPCR

-activation causes contraction

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12
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic cholinergic agonists

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13
Q

what controls blood vessels?

A

sympathetics only

***may still have the receptors

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14
Q

catecholamines?

A 
E
NE
isoproterenol
dopamine
dobutamine
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15
Q

dobutamine

A

beta1 selective agonist

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16
Q

alpha 1 effects?

A

vasoconstriction

-in all vascular beds

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17
Q

phenylephrine?

A

alpha-adrenergic agonist

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18
Q

albuterol?

A

beta-2 selective agonist

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19
Q

beta 1 effects?

A

positive ionotropic and chronotropic

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20
Q

beta 2 effects?

A

relaxation of bronchioles
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
-skeletal muscle

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21
Q

epinephrine?

A

sympathomimetic

  • more activity at beta-2 than alpha-1
  • low dose = beta-2 effects
  • drop BP
  • high dose = increases BP
22
Q

bronchial asthma?

A

albuterol

-beta-2 selective agonist

23
Q

norepinephrine?

A

agonist at alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1
weak beta 2 effects***

positive ionotropic and chronotropic effect
-reflex bradycardia occurs
NET: positive ionotropic and negative chronotropic

increases BP (alpha 1 vasoconstriction)

24
Q

isoproterenol

A

beta-selective agonist

  • beta 1, 2, and 3
  • no affect on alpha receptors

increased HR and contractile force
vasodilation of blood vessels
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

25
Q

dopamine

A

agonist at D1

-increase blood flow to renal arterioles (kidneys)

26
Q

NE

A

alpha 1 and 2
beta 1
no beta 2
AGONIST

27
Q

Epi

A

alpha 1, 2
beta 1, 2
AGONIST

28
Q

Isoproterenol

A

beta1, 2
no alpha
AGONIST

29
Q

dopamine

A

D1
partial beta 1
weak alpha 1
AGONIST

30
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic cholinergic agonist

31
Q

propranolol

A

non-selective beta1,2 antagonist

32
Q

phenylephrine?

A 
alpha-1 selective agonist
-vasoconstriction
reflex bradycardia (that can be blocked by atropine)
33
Q

albuterol?

A

proventil, ventolin
selective beta-2 agonist

used for bronchial asthma

34
Q

phentolamine?

A

competitive adrenergic blocker

decrease in BP

  • block alpha 1
  • reflex tachycardia from vasodilation
35
Q

NE effects at low dose?

A

vasoconstriction - increase (alpha1)
-increase in BP - systolic, diastolic, and MAP

-decrease in heart rate - baroreceptor reflex

SLOW, FORCEFUL HEARTBEAT

36
Q

Epi effects at low dose?

A

vasodilation (beta2)
-drop in diastolic, increased systolic, no change MAP

-increased heart rate (beta1)

37
Q

Isoproterenol effects at low dose?

A

beta2 vasodilation

  • drops diastolic and MAP, increase systolic
  • increased heart rate (reflex and beta1)
38
Q

beta2, alpha1 and Epi?

A

higher affinity for beta2 at low doses

higher affinity for alpha1 at high doses

39
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic agonist

-messes up your GI and other things

40
Q

prazosin

A

selective postsynaptic alpha1 blocker

41
Q

propanolol

A

beta1 beta2 antagonist

  • decreased HR and CO
  • slow AV conduction, increased PR interval
  • decreases rate of depolarization of pacemakers

blocks beta2 vasodilation
-slow decrease TPR

blocks bronchodilation
-maybe bronchospasm

blocks lipolysis and glycogenolysis
-no good for diabetics

42
Q

clinical use of propanolol?

A

angina pectoris
HTN
arrhythmias

43
Q

atenolol?

A

beta-1 selective antagonist

44
Q

acetylcholine?

A 
short acting (broken down quickly)
-not very useful clinically
45
Q

bethanechol?

A

cholinergic agonist that is muscarinic receptor selective

-not broken down by acetylcholinesterase

46
Q

muscarinic effects on cardio?

A

SA - negative chronotropy
AV - negative dromotropy
atrial - negative inotropy

47
Q

atropine?

A

mucarinic antagonist

reversal of reflex bradycardia
causes tachycardia
bronchodilation and relaxation

48
Q

ipratropium?

A

muscarinic antagonist
-permanently charged - poorly absorbed across membrane

used for asthma and COPD

49
Q

selective vs. nonselective alpha blockers?

A

nonselective will cause tachycardia
-because blocks alpha1 and alpha2

selective won’t affect alpha2, therefore you can inhibit the NE release presynaptically

phentolamine - nonselective
prazosin - selective

50
Q

contraindications to beta-blockers (propanolol)?

A

asthma and COPD

diabetics (hypoglycemia)

51
Q

bronchospasm relief in COPD?

A

albuterol
ipratropium bromide

COMBIVENT

52
Q

metoprolol?

A

in patients with CHF because it has been shown to decreases mortality in CHF patient

MSS - CV Exam 2 (7 decks)

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