Overview Of General Histology Flashcards
1
Q
Greek word that mean tissue
A
Histo
2
Q
3 components of a tissue
A
Cells, intercellular substance, tissue fluid
3
Q
Example of hard tissue
A
Jaw and teeth
4
Q
Example of soft tissue
A
Oral mucosa and salivary gland
5
Q
Example of a sturdy tissue
A
Skin
6
Q
Example of a delicate tissue
A
Lining of organs
7
Q
Tissues with secretory function
A
Salivary gland
8
Q
Tissues with excretory function
A
Blood
9
Q
2 components of cell
A
Nucleus and Cytoplasm
10
Q
Powerhouse of the cell
A
Mitochondria
11
Q
Organelle that generates atp
A
Mitochondria
12
Q
Meaning of ATP
A
Adenosine triphosphate
13
Q
What are ribosomes
A
Organelles that transmits genetic code to protiens
14
Q
Difference of rough endoplasmic reticulum and soft endoplasmic reticulum
A
RER-with ribosome attachments for protien synthesis
SER- without ribosomes, lipid synthesis
15
Q
Packaging plant of the cell
A
Golgi apparatus
16
Q
Organelles that secrete digestive enzymes
A
Lysosomes
17
Q
What are microtubules
A
Organelles of the cell that digest worn out organelles
18
Q
Organelles that are important for mitosis
A
Centrioles
19
Q
Give 5 examples of cellular inclusions
A
- Secretory Granules
- Pigments
- Lipid droplets
- Glycogen
- Crystalline particles
20
Q
It is a component of a tissue that provides nutrients for the cell and digs up waste products
A
Intercellular substance
21
Q
2 components of intercellular substance
A
Formed elements
Ground substance
22
Q
3 examples of ground substance
A
Water
Hormones
CHON-CHO complexes
23
Q
2 examples of carbohydrates-protein complexes
A
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans
24
Q
T or F
Tenascin is involved in attachment and migration of cell
A
False. Fibronection is the one invloved
25
It allows cell to move freely by dropping the binding capacity of syndecan
Tenascin
26
2 examples of Glycoproteins
Fibronectin
| Tenascin
27
4 examples of Proteoglycan
Decorin
Versican
Perlecan
Syndecan
28
It regulates growth of diameter of collagen
Decorin
29
What is decorin
A proteoglycan that regulates the growth of diameter of Collagen
30
Example of formed elements
Fiber
31
It is a proteoglycan that serves as a resistance for cartilage against compressive forces
Versican
32
What is versican
A proteoglycan for collagen that is used in resisting compressive forces
33
A proteoglycan thatbinds to several matrix glycoproteins
Perlecan
34
Definition of perlecan
A proteoglycan that binds to several matrix glycoproteins
35
A glycoprotein that blocks the sydecan's binding ability
Tenascin
36
A proteoglycan that gives cells ability to bind
Syndecan
37
5 classifications of basic tissues in the body
Epithelial
Nerve
Connective
Muscle
38
Kind of basic tissue that is composed of closely packed sheath of cells
Epithelial tissue
39
Kind of basic tissue that covers the external surface and interior body cavities of the body
Epithelial tissue
40
Kind of basic tissue that has numerous cells but small amount of intercellular substance
Epithelial tissue
41
What is the origin of Epithelial tissue
Ectoderm
42
2 basis of classification of Epithelial tissue
Based on function
| Based on cell type
43
2 classifications of Epithelial tissue based on function
Lining Epithelium for lines
| Glandular Epithelium for secretory product
44
2 classifications of Epithelium based on cell type
Simple
| Stratified
45
How many layers does a Simple cell type have?
1
46
How many layers does a Stratified Epithelium have?
2 or more
47
```
Epithelial tissue summary:
How many cells?
Amount of intercellular substance?
Origin?
Classifications?
Subclassifications?
```
Numerous cells.
Small amount of ics.
Origin:ectoderm
Classifications: by function and cell type
Function: lining Epithelium and glandular epithelium
Cell type:simple and stratified
48
Cells composing the nerve tissue?
Neurons
49
It is the building blocks of the nervous system
Neurons
50
Main portion of the neuron
Soma or cell body
51
2 supporting tissues of neurons
Myelin sheath
| Meninges
52
It wraps around the axon forming layers
Myelin sheath
53
It envelopes the brain and spinal cord for protection of the Central Nervous tissue
Meninges
54
2 kinds of neuron extensions
Dendrites
| Axon
55
An extension of the neuron that RECEIVES chemical messages
Dendrites
56
An extension of the neuron that TRANSMITS chemical messages to other neurons
Axon
57
T or F
| Dendrites are extensions that transmit messages to other neurons
False
Axons transmit.
Dendrites receive.
58
Central nervous system composed of
Brain and Spinal Cord
59
It processes all the signals
Brain
60
Conducts signals to and from the brain
Spinal Cord
61
2 kinds of neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System
Motor neurons
| Sensory neurons
62
Picks up sensory information from the organs to the central nervous system
Sensory neurons
63
Neurons that come out from the brain to the skeletal system
Motor neurons
64
Under motor neurons there are 2 systems pa
Somatic nervous sytem - VOLUNTARY responses
| Autonomic nervous system - INVOLUNTARY responses
65
2 divisions under autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
66
"Fight or flight"
| Prepares your body for emergency situations
Sympathetic division of Autonomic nervous system
67
"Rest or digest"
| Division under Autonomic nervous system that is Responsible for maintaining body activities when the body is at rest.
Parasympathetic Division
68
```
Nerve tissue summary
Cell?
Origin?
Supporting tissues?
Extensions?
```
Cell: neurons
Origin: ectoderm
Supporting tissues: myelin sheath and meninges
Extensions: dendrites and axon
69
2 supporting tissues of neurons
Myelin sheath
| Meninges
70
It wraps around the axon forming layers
Myelin sheath
71
It envelopes the brain and spinal cord for protection of the Central Nervous tissue
Meninges
72
2 kinds of neuron extensions
Dendrites
| Axon
73
An extension of the neuron that RECEIVES chemical messages
Dendrites
74
An extension of the neuron that TRANSMITS chemical messages to other neurons
Axon
75
T or F
| Dendrites are extensions that transmit messages to other neurons
False
Axons transmit.
Dendrites receive.
76
Central nervous system composed of
Brain and Spinal Cord
77
It processes all the signals
Brain
78
Conducts signals to and from the brain
Spinal Cord
79
2 kinds of neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System
Motor neurons
| Sensory neurons
80
Picks up sensory information from the organs to the central nervous system
Sensory neurons
81
Neurons that come out from the brain to the skeletal system
Motor neurons
82
Under motor neurons there are 2 systems pa
Somatic nervous sytem - VOLUNTARY responses
| Autonomic nervous system - INVOLUNTARY responses
83
2 divisions under autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
84
"Fight or flight"
| Prepares your body for emergency situations
Sympathetic division of Autonomic nervous system
85
"Rest or digest"
| Division under Autonomic nervous system that is Responsible for maintaining body activities when the body is at rest.
Parasympathetic Division
86
```
Nerve tissue summary
Cell?
Origin?
Supporting tissues?
Extensions?
```
Cell: neurons
Origin: ectoderm
Supporting tissues: myelin sheath and meninges
Extensions: dendrites and axon
87
What do you call the cells of Muscle tissue?
Myofiber
88
Cells of
Nerve tissue?
Muscle tissue?
Neuron
| Myofiber
89
Origin of muscle tissue?
Mesoderm
90
Origin of
Muscle tissue?
Nerve tissue?
Epithelial tissue?
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Ectoderm
91
Three types of muscle tissue
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
92
Type of muscle tissue that is spindle shaped, involuntary, non-striated, mononucleated.
Smooth muscle tissue
93
Type of muscle tissue that is involuntary, striated, Mononucleated
Cardiac Muscle tissue
94
Type of muscle tissue that is voluntary, striated, MANY nucleus with long fibers.
Skeletal muscle
95
Which of the three muscle tissues is voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
96
Which of the three muscle tissue is non striated
Smooth muscle tissue
97
Which of the three muscle tissue is multi many nucleated?
Skeletal muscle tissue
98
Type of tissue that has fewer cells but a huge amount/abundant intercellular substance?
Connective tissue
99
Origin of connective tissue
Mesoderm
100
Numerous cells, small amount of intercellular cells
Epithelial tissue
101
Fewer cells, abundant intercellular substance?
Connective tissue
102
2 Types of Connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
| Specialized connective tissue
103
2 types of connective tissue PROPER
Loose ct
| Dense ct
104
Type of connective tissue proper that supports structures
Loose connective tissue
105
3 types of loose connective tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
106
Loose connective tissue that attaches skin to underlying tissues
areolar loose ct
107
Type of loose connective tissue that insulates and stores energy. Located in breasts.
Adipose ct
108
Loose connective tissue that Contains reticular fibers, located in lymphoid organs
Reticular ct
109
Type of connective tissue proper that reinforces and binds structures
Dense connective tissue
110
3 types of Dense Connective tissue
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic
111
Components of connective tissue proper
Cells and fibers
112
Kinds of cells composing connective tissue proper
Fibroblast, Mesenchymal cells, Macrophages
FMM
113
Fibers of connective tissue proper
Collagen, Elastin, Oxytalan
CEO
114
5 types of specialized connective tissue
```
Cartilage
Bone
Dentin
Blood
Lymph
```
115
Types of cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
116
Cells in cartilage
Chondrocytes
117
Cells in bone
Osteocytes
118
2 types of bone
Compact
| Cancellous
119
Odonblasts are the cells of what type of specialized connective tissue?
Dentin
120
Cells of Blood and Lymph?
RBC and WBC
121
Level of organization
```
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
```
122
6 ways of studying tissues
```
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
Biochemistry
Histologic markers
Microradiographic methods
Experimental methods
```
123
Light microscopy
Ground section
Decalcified section
Frozen section
124
Electron microscopy
Transition electron microscopy
| Scanning electron microscopy
