Overview of Nutrition and Planning Healthy Diet

Question 1

What does food provide our bodies?

Answer 1

Nutrients! Giving us energy, restoring and providing nutrients in our body

Question 1

What are some behavioural/social motives over awareness of nutritions important to health?

Answer 1

Personal preference
Habit
Ethnic heritage/tradition
Social interactions
Marketing
Ability, convenience, economy
Pos/neg associations
Emotional comfort
Values
Nutrition/health benefits

Question 2

What is the average person made up on in percentage?

Answer 2

60% water, 20% fat, 20% protein, then carbs, minerals and other compounds

Question 3

What are some of the chemical compounds found in the human body?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, water, vitamins and minerals

Question 4

What are the three energy yielding nutrients?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Organic
Macronutrients

Question 5

What are the micronutrients

Answer 5

Vitamins, minerals and waters

Question 6

What is food energy measured in?

Answer 6

Kilojules

Question 7

How do you convert kcalories to KJ?

Answer 7

Multiply by 4.2

Question 8

What are the kJ for the macronutrients?

Answer 8

Carbs - 17
Protein - 17
Fat - 37

Question 9

What is the average kj intake a day

Answer 9

8700 kj

Question 10

How would you calculate the number of kj in a 15grams of a donut (with 10g carb, 2 gram fat and 3 gram protein?

Answer 10

10x17
2x37
3x17

Question 11

What is the purpose of vitamins?

Answer 11

To facilitate the release of energy from carb, fat and protein.

Can be to supplement a diet that is lacking

13 types - each has own role/action

Question 13

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 13

A, D, E, K - stay in body for long time

Question 14

Where are minerals stored and what are their characteristics?

Answer 14

Stored in bones and teeth

Doesn’t produce energy, inorganic

Often act as enzyme

Only 16 minerals essential to human nutrition

Question 15

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 15

Victim C, B complex vitamins

Question 16

What are the major minerals?

Answer 16

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorous

Question 17

What does water do for the body?

Answer 17

Temperature control
Metabolic reactions
Hydrolysis reaction
Body Florida’s
PH balance
Transportation of nutrients and wastes
Prevents constipation
Prevention of kidney stones

Question 18

What is nutrition science?

Answer 18

Study of nutrients and other substances in food and the body’s handling of them.

Young science, foundations in biology, biochemical and physiology

Question 19

What is the scientific method?

Answer 19

Observation and question
Hypothesis and prediction
Experiment
Results and Interpretations
Conclusion/theory
New observation/questions

Question 20

What are the strengths and weaknesses of epidemiological studies?

Answer 20

(determines the incidence and distribution of diseases in a population - case-control, cohort)

Strengths: narrow down possible causes, raise questions to pursue

Weaknesses: cannot control variables, cannot prove cause and effect

Question 21

What are the strengths and weaknesses of lab based studies?

Answer 21

(Explores effects of specific variable on tissue, cell and molecule)

Strengths: can control conditions, can determine effects of variables

Weaknesses: cannot apply results to humans

Question 22

What are the strengths and weakness of human intervention/clinical trials

Answer 22

(Involves humans who follow specified regimen)

Strengths: can control conditions, can apply findings to some groups of humans

Weaknesses: cannot general use findings to all, cannot use certain treatments for ethical/clinical reasons

Question 23

What are Nutrient Reference Values (NRV)?

Answer 23

A set of recommendations for nutritional intake that define the amounts of energy, nutrients/other dietary components and physical activity that best support health

Reflect NRV Working Party (AUSNZ), based on population studies and scientific knowledge

Used to plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

Question 24

What is Estimated Average Requirment?

Answer 24

Amount of nutrients that support body for half the population (calculated midpoint) Clustered in age/gender

Question 25

What is Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI)?

Answer 25

Based on EAR, calculated to meet the needs of most healthy people Set at top range of populations estimated requirements Average daily range of nutrients likely to meet nutrient requirements of 97-98% healthy people

Question 26

What is Upper Level of Intake?

Answer 26

Highest amount safe for regular consumption before toxic Recommendations fall between a range

Question 27

What are Suggested Dietary Targets?

Answer 27

Nutrients with large evidence indicating potential chronic disease prevention

Question 28

What is the Establish Energy Requirement

Answer 28

Average dietary intake (kj per day) that will maintain energy balance for population groups

Question 29

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges?

Answer 29

defines proportions of diet providing adequate energy/nutrients to maintain weight and reduce risk of chronic disease 45-65% from carb 20-35% from fat 15-25% from protein

Question 30

What are things to keep in mind when using nutrient recommendations

Answer 30

- must be adjusted for malnourished/people with medical issues -not optimal for all, only average -intended to be met through diet composed of variety of foods -length of time over which person’s intake can deviate without risk of deficiency/overdose varies between nutrient

Question 31

What is malnutrition, undernutrition and over nutrition?

Answer 31

Malnutrition - signs shown with excess/deficient energy consumption Undernutrition - deficiency of nutrient, extremely thin, losing muscle tissue, hair loss, muscles spasms etc Over-nutrition - excess energy, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, low blood pressure

Question 32

What is primary, secondary and subclinical nutrient deficiency?

Answer 32

primary - result of inadequate dietary intake Secondary - caused by disease or drugs Subclinical - in early stages without outwards signs

Question 33

What are the 4 ways to assess nutritional status

Answer 33

Reviewing dietary data/health info Anthropometrics Physical Exam/clinical observation Lab tests

Question 34

How can populations be assessed?

Answer 34

National surveys Ongoing systematic programs Develops public policy on nutrition education, public health programs and regulations Shows trends, used to develop national health goals

Question 35

What are red flags that indicate nutritional misinformation?

Answer 35

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