OVERVIEW OF PATHOLOGY Flashcards
It is the study of disease; medical science that deals with all aspects of diseases.
Pathology
Doctors of veterinary medicine who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids
Veterinary pathologists
Concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology.
Clinical pathology
Concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic, and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (autopsy/necropsy)
Anatomical pathology
Involves the gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by non-surgeons such as general internists, medical subspecialists, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists.
Surgical pathology
Sub-discipline of anatomical pathology concerned with the diagnosis of medical (non-tumor) kidney diseases, including both native kidneys and transplants
Renal pathology
Sub-discipline of anatomical pathology concerned with the microscopic examination of whole, individual cells obtained from smears or fine needle aspirates.
Cytopathology
An emerging discipline within anatomical and clinical pathology which is focused on the use of nucleic acid-based techniques such as in-situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid microarrays for specialized studies of disease in tissues and cells
Molecular pathology
They receive specialized training in determining the cause of death and other legally relevant information from the bodies of persons who died suddenly with no known medical condition, those who die from non-natural causes, as well as those dying as a result of homicide, or other criminally suspicious deaths.
Forensic pathology
The examination of diseased tissues with the naked eye.
Gross examination
The microscopic examination of stained tissue sections using histological techniques.
Histopathology
The use of antibodies to detect the presence, abundance, and localization of specific proteins. This technique is critical to distinguishing between disorders with similar morphology, as well as characterizing the molecular properties of certain cancers.
Immunohistochemistry
Specific DNA and RNA molecules can be identified on sections using this technique. When the probe is labeled with fluorescent dye, the technique is called FISH.
In situ hybridization
he examination of loose cells spread and stained on glass slides using cytology techniques.
Cytopathology
The examination of tissue with an electron microscope, which allows much greater magnification, enabling the visualization of organelles within the cells.
Electron microscopy
The visualization of chromosomes to identify genetics defects such as chromosomal translocation.
Tissue cytogenetics
The determination of the immunophenotype of cells using flow cytometry techniques. It is very useful to diagnose the different types of leukemia and lymphoma.
Flow immunophenotyping
Hippocrates is the considered to be the ?
Father of Medicine
Give the 4 humors of body postulated by Hippocrates.
- (1) blood which came from the heart;
- (2) phlegm which came from the brain;
- (3) yellow bile which came from the liver; and
- (4) black bile which came from the spleen.
A Greek philosopher, was the originator of modern anatomy and physiology. Also, he is considered to be the Father of Zoology. _______ dissected many animals, carried out experiments in physiology, and studied the growth and development of animal life (human autopsy examinations were forbidden during this period).
Aristotle
A Greek physician practicing in Rome, was a follower of the beliefs of Hippocrates. Humoral pathology was brought to its height and most extreme development by ______. Also, he wrote numerous medical documents and held despotic authority over European medicine for thirteen centuries after his death. Also, ______ is remembered for his views on meat inspection. He insisted that animals used for human food should be inspected prior to slaughter.
Claudius Galen
Was not a physician, but a man of leisure with a variety of interests. A great deal of the history of the early humoral pathologists was recorded in his work. A great number of the conditions recognized today are described in the work of ______. His writings described and discussed the cardinal signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, heat and pain).
Cornelius Celsus
A Roman veterinarian, is credited with being the first author to write a textbook devoted exclusively to veterinary medicine. He was among the first to urge people to disregard Divine Displeasure as the cause of disease and to base their treatment and concepts of disease on a thorough knowledge of anatomy, surgery and medicine. _______ is considered to be the Father of Veterinary Medicine.
Renus Vegetius
Described the blood vascular system and the circulation of blood in 1628. His works have had a far reaching effect on medicine and pathology.
William Harvey
