Overview Of Radiation Therapy

Question 1

High level radiation is in

Answer 1

Megavoltage

Question 2

It destroys the cell ability to divide or multiply

Answer 2

Law of bergonie and tribondeau

Question 3

Damage to healthy cells are the reason for

Answer 3

Side effects of radiotherapy

Question 4

Goal of Radiotherapy

Answer 4

Curative

Palliative

Question 5

Curative

Answer 5

Cure from cancer

Question 6

Palliative

Answer 6

Relieve symptoms

Question 7

Curative is also called

Answer 7

Radical radiotherapy

Question 8

Considered emergency cases in radiotherapy

Answer 8

Bone metastasis with spinal cord compression
Cases with profuse bleeding
Mass obstructing the lungs
Brain matastasis

Question 9

Aim of radiotherapy

Answer 9

Deliver a PRECISE measured dose of radiation to a DEFINED tumor volume

Question 10

Members of radiotherapy team

Answer 10

Radiation Oncologist
Medical Phycist/Dosimetrist
Radiotherapy Technologist

Question 11

Sample of immobilization devices

Answer 11

Alpha Cradle

Thermoplastic mask

Question 12

Two forms of radiotherapy

Answer 12

External Beam (Teletherapy)
Internal Beam (Brachytherapy)

Question 13

Given to a careful defined area through a machine that directs the high energy rays from outside the body at the cancer and the normal tissues

Answer 13

External Radiation Therapy

Question 14

Places the source of the inside the body, as close as possible to the cancer cells

Answer 14

Internal Radiation Theraphy

Question 15

The radioactive substances used typically include

Answer 15

Radium
Cesium
Iodine
Phosphorus

Question 16

2 types of external beam radiation

Answer 16

Photon beam

Proton beam

Question 17

The dose prescribed by the Radiation Oncologist to be received by the patient that must be absorbed at the tumor site from the radiation beam

Answer 17

Dose of Radiation

Question 18

Unit of absorbed dose

Answer 18

Gray (Gy)

Question 19

Made under simulated condition will assure the delivery of the exact prescribed dose

Answer 19

Detailed measurement

Question 20

Dose of Radiation determination

Answer 20

Size tumor
Extent tumor
Grade of tumor
Response to radiation

Question 21

Largest amount of dose that can be accepted without the production of injurious symptoms

Answer 21

Tolerance Dose

Question 22

Factors affecting tolerance dose

Answer 22

Dose per fraction/dose rate
Volume irradiated
Sensitivity of the tissues
Amount of recovery which can take place between fractions

Question 23

The dose that can be tolerated by normal tissue in the treatment zone varies with the total time over which the dose is given

Answer 23

Dose per fraction/dose rate

Question 24

Dose that could be given in a longer period of time is ____ than given over a short period

Answer 24

Larger

Question 25

Alter the biological effect

Answer 25

Size of each fraction dose | Time interval between the fractions

Question 26

The higher the fraction dose

Answer 26

The greater the late damage potential

Question 27

The smaller the volume to be treated

Answer 27

The higher total dose which may be tolerated

Question 28

The type of tissue treated, poor dietary of fluid intake or concomitant drug treatment, may affect the level of dose tolerated

Answer 28

Patient and Biological Factors

Question 29

Good oxygenation increases the chance of radiation damage to cells

Answer 29

Oxygen effect

Question 30

Large cell mass where there is no organized blood supply

Answer 30

Hypoxic

Question 31

If the number of cells doubles within the time interval between two fractions, treatment may fail

Answer 31

Cell Doubling Time

Question 32

The administration of a course of radiation treatment in a planned series of fractions of total dose

Answer 32

Fractionation

Question 33

Fractionation is needed to

Answer 33

Allow recovery of normal cells while depleting the number of surviving tumor cells

Question 34

Some patients (head and neck) are at survival disadvantage

Answer 34

If treatment duration is lengthened

Question 35

Fractionation Regimes

Answer 35

Conventional fractionated courses Less than 5 fractions per week Reason for lowered fractionation regimes

Question 36

Consist of once-daily doses given 5 days per week, recovery period at weekend

Answer 36

Conventional fractionated courses

Question 37

Once, twice, or three times weekly treatments with higher dose of radiation

Answer 37

Less than 5 fractions per week

Question 38

Fewer visits and less traveling time for patients Shortage of treatment machine Clinical indications

Answer 38

Reason for lowered fractionation regimes

Question 39

Shortening the treatment course duration but giving a high number of small fractions

Answer 39

Hyperfractionation

Question 40

Given to rumors with a fast cell-doubling time such as 5 days

Answer 40

Hyperfractionation

Question 41

Three distinct region for target volume

Answer 41

Gross tumor volume Clinical target volume Planning target volume

Question 42

Denotes the demonstrable tumor

Answer 42

Gross tumor volume

Question 43

Denotes the GTV and subclinical disease

Answer 43

Clinical target volume

Question 44

Denotes the CTV and includes margins for geometric/position uncertainties

Answer 44

Planning Target Volume

Question 45

Volume of tissue enclosed by an isodose surface

Answer 45

Treated volume

Question 46

Is always larger than the PTV and usually has a simpler shape

Answer 46

Treated volume

Question 47

Volume of tissue that receives a dose considered significant in relation to tissue tolerance

Answer 47

Irradiated volume

Question 48

Necessary to make the marks permanent for the basis of body alignment

Answer 48

Tattoo Process

Question 49

Factors to consider for side effects

Answer 49

Total dose delivered Time over which the dose was delivered Volume irradiated

Question 50

Side effects are generally limited to the

Answer 50

Region of the body being treated

Question 51

A skin condition that is a common side effect of radiation Theraphy

Answer 51

Radiation Dermatitis

Question 52

Radiation can affect the membranes of the mouth and GI Tract causing discomfort

Answer 52

Nutritional problems

Question 53

Most common side effects of radiation therapy

Answer 53

Fatigue

Question 54

The use of high level radiation to destroy cancer cells

Answer 54

Radiation Therapy