Overview of Test: Unit 6 - Reproduction and Development

Question 1

What is produced in Mitosis?

Answer 1

two daughter cells; diploid, cells are exactly the cell as parent, same exact number of chromosomes as parent; produces body cells; associated with growth and repair

Question 2

What is produced in Meiosis?

Answer 2

four daughter cells; haploid, cells are different from parent and each other, fewer chromosomes than parent; produces egg and sperm cells; divdes cells twice; occurs in reproductive organs and contrains tetrads

Question 3

What are Gametes?

Answer 3

haploid sex cells

(meiosis)

Question 4

What are Somatic/ Autosome cells?

Answer 4

diploid body cells

(mitosis)

Question 5

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 5

homologous pair chromomes

Question 6

Which gender contains the XY chromosome?

Answer 6

male

Question 7

Which gender has the XX chromosome?

Answer 7

female

Question 8

What is trisomy?

Answer 8

mutation; three chromosomes

Question 9

What is a monosomy?

Answer 9

mutation; one chromosome

Question 10

What is a zygote?

Answer 10

A fertilzed egg

Question 11

What is a disomy?

Answer 11

a normal pair of chromosomes

Question 12

Why are cells different?

Answer 12

they all have the same DNA in them, but they choose to differentiate by activating/deactivating certain genes.

Question 13

How does sexual reproduction affect diversity?

Answer 13

sexual reproduction brings in diversity through crossing over of genes

Question 14

What is crossing over?

Answer 14

when homologous pairs exchange parts during prophase right before metaphase

happens in prophase 1

Question 15

What does the endocrine system use to communicate?

Answer 15

hormones

Question 16

Do stem cells use mitosis or meiosis?

Answer 16

mitosis

Question 17

What happens in Interphase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 17

Cell Growth; chromatids double from 46 to 92 (Chromosome count stays the same)

Question 18

What happens in Prophase 1 (Meiosis)

Answer 18

Chromosomes thicken and join with their homologous pairs; crossing over occurs

Question 19

What is crossing over?

Answer 19

Chromosomes exchanging genetic material

Question 20

What happens in Metaphase 1? (Meiosis)

Answer 20

Homologous pairs align in the middle; spindle fibers attach to homologous pairs

Question 21

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 21

when chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. It can cause cells to have an extra chromosome (trisomy) or a cell to be missing a chromosome (monosomy).

Question 22

What happens in Anaphase 1? (Meiosis)

Answer 22

Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides with spindle fibers

Question 23

What happens in Telophase 1? (Meiosis)

Answer 23

Two new nuclei are formed

Question 24

Does cytokinesis occur after Meiosis 1?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What happens at the end of Meiosis 1?

Answer 25

Two Diploid cells are formed

Question 26

What happens during prophase 2? (Meiosis)

Answer 26

Spindle fibers form on the respective diploids

Question 27

What happens during Metaphase 2? (meiosis)

Answer 27

Chromosomes line up in the middle (North and South); spindle fibers connect to chromosomes

Question 28

What happens during Anaphase 2? (Meiosis)

Answer 28

Chromatids are pulled away from each other (Left and right) by the spindle fibers

Question 29

What happens during Telophase 2? (Meiosis)

Answer 29

4 haploid nuclei are created

Question 30

What happens after Meiosis 2?

Answer 30

Cytokinesis; now there are 4 haploid cells

Question 31

How many cells does mitosis and meiosis produce?

Answer 31

Mitosis produces 2, meiosis produces 4

Question 32

How do new cells compare to old cells in mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 32

Mitosis: New cells are identical Meiosis: New cells are unique

Question 33

How many chromosomes are in daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis compared to the parent cell?

Answer 33

Mitosis: Same number (Diploid/46 chromosomes) Meiosis: Half the number (Haploid/23 chromosomes)

Question 34

Are the beginning cells in Haploid or Diploid in Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 34

Diploid in both

Question 35

What are Homologous Chromosomes?

Answer 35

Two Nearly identical chromosomes with similar genes in the same place; one comes from the mother and one from the father/DNA from both parents

Question 36

What is a tetrad?

Answer 36

The four chromatids in Homologous Chromosomes

Question 37

What is crossing over?

Answer 37

When chromosomes exchange genetic information; leads to genetic diversity

Question 38

What are recombinant chromosomes?

Answer 38

Chromosomes produced after crossing over

Question 39

What is haploid?

Answer 39

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in a cell; 23 chromosomes

Question 40

What is diploid?

Answer 40

The presence of pairs of chromosomes in a cell; 46 chromosomes

Question 41

What are examples of diploid cells?

Answer 41

Somatic cells and zygotes

Question 42

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 42

It secretes glands/hormones

Question 43

How does the circulatory system help the endocrine system?

Answer 43

It transports the hormones

Question 44

What three body systems work together to produce gamates?

Answer 44

Circulatory, Endocrine, and Reproductive

Question 45

What is a karyotype?

Answer 45

a complete set of chromosomes in a cell; 44 regular chromosomes (Autosomes) and 2 sex chromosomes (22 sets of regular chromosomes, 1 set of sex chromosomes)

Question 46

What are autosomes?

Answer 46

Non sex chromosomes

Question 47

What happens when zygotes are formed?

Answer 47

Two haploid zex cells combine to form a diploid zygote

Question 48

What is the sex chromosome for guys?

Answer 48

XY

Question 49

What is the sex chromosome for girls?

Answer 49

XX

Question 50

What are the types of disjunction?

Answer 50

Trisomy and Monosomy

Question 51

What is trisomy?

Answer 51

When there is an extra chromatid in a pair, creating a chromatid triad

Question 52

What is monosomy?

Answer 52

When there is a chromatid missing in a pair

Question 53

How do you identify Down Syndrome?

Answer 53

An extra chromatid at 21 is present, making a triplet (Trisomy)

Question 54

How do you identify klinefelter syndrome?

Answer 54

A male gender with an extra X chromosome in the sex chromatid (XXY)

Question 55

How do you identify Turner Syndrome?

Answer 55

A female gender is missing a X chromosome in the sex chromatid (X)

Question 56

Name the phases of Meiosis 1 in order

Answer 56

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 57

Name the phases of meiosis 2 in order

Answer 57

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase