Overview of the Pulmonary System/Lung Development Flashcards
Name the contributors to pulmonary work of breathing.
- increased elastic properties of the lungs
- resistance to flow in the airways
- impaired gas exchange
Obstructive disease means _____; restrictive disease means ______.
you can’t get air out; you can’t get air in
What is the substance that lowers alveolar surface tension?
surfactant
What are the key features of the canalicular phase?
- 17-26 weeks gestation
- 1a development of pulm capillary bed
- expansion of airspace into mesenchyme
- fetal breathing detected
- epi cell differentiation begins
- possible to survive but respiratory distress
The overlapping stages in embryogenesis of the lung include the initial branching, called the embryonic phase (26 days to 6 weeks gestation), the pseudoglandular phase lasting through 16 weeks where ____ more rounds of branching to the terminal bronchioles occurs, and the cannicular phase where the terminal bronchioles branch into _______ (to age 28 weeks).
14; respiratory bronchioles
What is a normal, healthy FEV1?
70-80%
What are the key features of the saccular phase?
- 26-36 weeks gestation
- distal growth and branching of term sacs
- thinning of interstitial space
- decrease in cell prolif
- epi cells are differentiated into Type I and II
Name the phase.
- 17-26 weeks gestation
- 1a development of pulm capillary bed
- expansion of airspace into mesenchyme
- fetal breathing detected
- epi cell differentiation begins
- possible to survive but respiratory distress
canalicular phase
Where do the pulmonary arteries originate?
the 6th aortic arch
Gas-exchange occurs at ______.
the capillary-alveolar interface
Lymphatics run near ______ to help cope with extravascular lung water.
the pulmonary arteries and veins
What does FEV1 stand for? What does it mean?
it’s the percentage of your vital capacity that you can exhale in 1 sec
_____ have two primary functions: 1) to repair or replace injured Type I pneumocytes, and 2) to secrete surfactant, a substance which lowers alveolar surface tension.
Type II cells
Name the phase.
- 26-36 weeks gestation
- distal growth and branching of term sacs
- thinning of interstitial space
- decrease in cell prolif
- epi cells are differentiated into Type I and II
saccular phase
The lung bud develops ventrally into the mesoderm at _______.
week 4
Since the conducting airways by definition do not exchange gas, they are known as “______.”
anatomic deadspace
What is ventilation?
movement of air into/out of the lungs
The overlapping stages in embryogenesis of the lung include the initial branching, called the _______ (26 days to 6 weeks gestation), the _______ lasting through 16 weeks where 14 more rounds of branching to the terminal bronchioles occurs, and the _______ where the terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles (to age 28 weeks).
embryonic phase pseudoglandular phase cannicular phase
The lung bud develops _____ into the ______ at week 4.
ventrally; mesoderm
_____ represents the transition from bronchi to bronchioles.
Loss of cartilage in the outer tissue layer
Surfactant is an _____ molecule.
amphipathic
Movement of the lungs within the thoracic cavity during inspiration and expiration is facilitated by a space between the two structures called _______.
the pleural space