Overview Of Transcription

Question 1

How to produce a protein

Answer 1

The sequence of ribonucleotide’s in the RNA copy of a gene must then be read by the ribosomes, which translates the information encoded by the bases into a polypeptide chain.

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

RNA that is carrying a copy of genetic information to the ribosome

Question 3

RNA polymerase

Answer 3

Enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA
Makes a copy of the coding strand by using complementary strand of DNA known as the template strand (non coding strand)
Must first separate the two strands of DNA to expose the template DNA strand

Question 4

Ribonucleoside triphosphates

Answer 4

Precursors of RNA, forms the Watson crick base pairs with the template strand

Question 5

Transcriptions three key stages

Answer 5

Initiation elongation and termination

Question 6

Promoter

Answer 6

Transcription begins when the RNA polymerase locates and binds to a DNA sequence immediately preceding the gene
Signals where transcription should start

Question 7

Downstream

Answer 7

Sites located 3’ to this or any given site

Question 8

Up stream

Answer 8

Located to the 5’ side

Question 9

Initiation phase

Answer 9

The RNA polymerase enzyme separates the two strands of DNA. Creating a short unpaired region known as a transcription bubble
Separation makes the template strand available for base pairing with incoming ribonucleotides triphosphates, so that RNA polymerase can now catalyze formation of the RNA transcript
RNA polymerase begins by synthesizing the first few ribonucleotide’s and RNA transcript while remaining at the promoter

Question 10

Elongation phase

Answer 10

Where the polymerase enzyme continues to move along the template strand and elongate the RNA transcript.
The enzyme unwinds the DNA ahead of it to expose the single-stranded template DNA
Behind the enzyme the template strand pairs again with the coding strand to reform the DNA duplex

Question 11

Termination phase

Answer 11

Signals where RNA synthesis should stop The polymerase enzyme can then dissociate from the DNA template And is free to initiate a fresh round of transcription

Question 12

What is transcription

Answer 12

The cell must make an RNA copy of a DNA sequence To produce A functional RNA molecule
* transcription because a copy of one strand of the DNA known as the coding strand is transcribed into a single strand of ribonucleotides