Overview Summary

Question 1

Linear, Non-threshold

Answer 1

Diagnostic and leukemia are plotted on this curve

Question 2

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME

Answer 2

Whole body irradiation. Three divisions. Accidental exposure

Question 3

Hematologic Syndrome

Answer 3

Longest latency period.
1-10 Gy (100-1000 Rads)
Death due to infection from body’s own flora; prone to hemorrhage=bone marrow destruction

Question 4

GI SYNDROME

Answer 4

10-50 Gy (1000-5000 Rads)

Death within three days due to damage to bowel and bone marrow

Question 5

CNS SYNDROME

Answer 5

SHORTEST LATENCY PERIOD
Death within seconds to minutes
+50 Gy (+5000 Rads)
Excessive fluid in brain

Question 6

INCREASED DOSE=

Answer 6

Decreased latency period (symptom free period)

Question 7

PRODOMINAL PERIOD

Answer 7

Appears first

Question 8

Long-Term somatic effects

Answer 8

Cancer
Leukemia
Cataracts

Question 9

Somatic effects

Answer 9

Occurs in the exposed individual

Question 10

LD 50/60

Answer 10

Dose of radiation that would kill 50% of an exposed population in sixty days. (Approx 300-400 Rad)

Question 11

Organogenesis

Answer 11

First trimester is the most dangerous time of exposure due to this

Question 12

Indirect effects

Answer 12

95% of time

Question 13

5%

Answer 13

Direct effect

Question 14

Occupational dose

Answer 14

5 Rem/50 mSv per year

Question 15

.5 Rem/5 mSv per year

Answer 15

General population annual dose

Question 16

17 year old student

Answer 16

.1 Rem/1 mSv per year

Question 17

50 Rem/500 mSv per year

Answer 17

Skin, thyroid, and extremities yearly dose

Question 18

Lens of eye

Answer 18

15Rems/150 mSv annually

Question 19

Age in years x 1 Rem/mSv

Answer 19

Calculation of cumulative occupational dose limit

Question 20

Most radiosensitive/least radioresistant

Answer 20

Lymphocytes

Question 21

Most radioresitant/least radiosensitive

Answer 21

Adult nerve cell

Question 22

Increased O2 in cell»increased radiosensitivity

Answer 22

O2 enhancement ration (OER)

Question 23

Cells radiosensitivity is DIRECTLY proportional to its reproductive activity and is INVERSELY proportional to its degree of specialization; AKA “precursor, immature, stem, undifferentiated”

Answer 23

Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 24

Linear energy transfer (LET) is _____________ to relative biological effect

Answer 24

Directly proportional

Question 25

THRESHOLD

Answer 25

A minimum amount must be received before a response is seen

Question 26

Quality, energy, and penetrating ability

Answer 26

kV

Question 27

Quality, number, amount

Answer 27

mAs

Question 28

When do you use lead shielding?

Answer 28

Repro organs are five centimeters of beam | When clinical info will not be obscured

Question 29

Three types of shielding

Answer 29

Shaped Shadow Flat contact

Question 30

First step in protection

Answer 30

OPTIMUM COLLIMATION

Question 31

Types of collimators

Answer 31

Cones and aperture diaphragms | Box type

Question 32

Filtration does what to skin dose and how?

Answer 32

Decreases skin dose by removing MAXIUM wavelengths

Question 33

If a tube operates at 70kV minimum amount of filtration required is

Answer 33

2.5 of Al

Question 34

Type of filters used for the difference in patient thickness

Answer 34

Compensating filters (wedge and trough)

Question 35

Faster screen/film combination

Answer 35

Deceased mAs>>decreased patient dose>>decrease detail

Question 36

Grids and air gap techniques

Answer 36

Increase patient dose and improve quality. Decrease in scatter reaching IR

Question 37

AEC controls

Answer 37

Exposure time

Question 38

Ways to overcome motion

Answer 38

``` Short exposure time (voluntary and involuntary) Restraints (voluntary) Clear instructions (voluntary) ```

Question 39

Biggest source of occupational dose

Answer 39

Scatter from patient

Question 40

Leakage cannot exceed

Answer 40

100mR/hr @ a distance of 1 meter

Question 41

Three Cardinal rules of protection

Answer 41

1. Time (short as possible) 2. Distance (long as possible) 3. Shielding (use it)

Question 42

According to NCRP #102 lead in gloves, aprons, and thyroid shield should be

Answer 42

0.5 mm

Question 43

SSD for portable fluro (c arm)

Answer 43

12"

Question 44

SSD for fixed fluro

Answer 44

15"

Question 45

Protective fluro drape and Bucky slot cover

Answer 45

.25mm of Pb (lead)

Question 46

Fluro unit should be equipped with a ____________ cumulative timer a ___________ (___________) exposure switch

Answer 46

Five minute cumulative timer and a deadman (positive pressure) exposure switch

Question 47

Where should a RT stand to avoid scatter from patient

Answer 47

At least one 90 degree angle, preferably two

Question 48

Wall barriers

Answer 48

Primary and secondary

Question 49

Primary wall barrier thickness

Answer 49

1/16"

Question 50

Secondary barrier

Answer 50

1/32"

Question 51

Total absorption of x-Ray photon>>white/clear on image

Answer 51

Photoelectric effect

Question 52

Partial absorption of x-Ray photon>>gray on image, AKA scatter

Answer 52

Compton

Question 53

Used to measure amount of radiation deposited in ANY object-living or inanimate

Answer 53

Rad/Gray

Question 54

Used to measure radiation absorbed in human tissue only

Answer 54

Rem/sievert

Question 55

Measure ionization in air or in air exposure.

Answer 55

Roentgen or Coulombs/Kg

Question 56

Used to measure radioactivity (Nuc med)

Answer 56

Curie/Becquerel

Question 57

Rems=

Answer 57

Rads x QF/WF

Question 58

Sv=

Answer 58

Gy x QF/WF

Question 59

A permanent record that can be reread

Answer 59

Film badge

Question 60

Self reading Instant Cannot be reread

Answer 60

Pocket ionization chamber

Question 61

Lithium fluoride crystals that are heated to be read

Answer 61

Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

Question 62

Al oxide crystals that are read by a laser

Answer 62

Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)

Question 63

Where should a control badge be kept

Answer 63

Radiation free area

Question 64

If RT does not have previous radiation exposure records then an employer should assume

Answer 64

They have had 100% of yearly dose