Oxford English Grammar Course (B1) Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
affirmative sentences or statements
A
are not questions or negatives
2
Q
auxiliary verbs
A
Are use before other verbs to make questions tenses - for example, do you thing
3
Q
comparatives
A
Example, older, better ,more beautiful, more slowly
4
Q
conditional
A
A structure using the conjugation if
5
Q
Conjunctions
A
For example ,but, because, while
6
Q
Consonants
A
z,b,t,g and h
7
Q
Contractions
A
Short forms like i’m ,you’re,he’ll,don’t
8
Q
Conversational
A
formal
9
Q
Countable nouns
A
one chair
10
Q
uncountable nouns
A
oil,rice
11
Q
determiners
A
words like the,some,many,my,which go before (adjective+ ) noun
12
Q
double letters
A
pp,tt
13
Q
imperatives
A
go home,come and sit down
14
Q
indirect speech
A
John said that he was tired
15
Q
modal verbs and auxiliary verbs
A
must,can,could,may,might,shall,should,ought to ,will and would
16
Q
opposite
A
hot is the opposite of cold
17
Q
Participles
A
gone,seen,stopped
18
Q
personal pronouns
A
my,your,mine,yours,John’s ,my brother’s
19
Q
Prepositions
A
at,in,on,between
20
Q
present participles
A
going,sleeping
21
Q
She is walking
A
present progressive
22
Q
pronouns
A
i,you,anybody,themselves
23
Q
question tags
A
isn’t it?
24
Q
reflexive pronouns
A
myself,yourself
25
relative pronouns
who,which and that when they join clauses to nouns
26
full stop
.
27
subject and object
She took the money- everybody saw her ,the subject are she and everybody,the object are the money and her
28
superlatives
for example oldest,best,most beautiful
29
third person
she ,them ,himself,has ,goes
30
vowels
a,e,i,o,u
31
constants
b,c,d,f,g
32
When we can use adjectives and nouns
We can use adjectives,nouns or expressions of place after be
33
When we can use be as well?
We can use be to talk about age,size,height,weight and colour
34
Where is there + be
We use there + be to introduce things: to tell people that they exist
35
AS WELL(be)
Be can be an auxiliary verb in progressive tenses:
This is raining
This was made in 1850
36
When we can use have(in other tenses)
We can use have to talk about possessions,relationships and some other things;(I don’t have any children)
Have is often used with got;
And we can use have to talk about some kind of actions;(let’s have a party)
Have can also be an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses(I haven’t heard from Alan
37
There is : more complicated structures
There seems to be a delay
There may be a problem
There must be a car
Is there likely to be a test
There’s no point in asking questions
Is there anything wrong?
I don’t want there to be any trouble
I’d like there to be more hours in the day
There will be enough,won’t there?
38
Have with got and do
I’ve got a headache
Have you got a credit card with you?
We haven’t got much time
Do you have today’s paper?
Did Lily have your keys?
GOT-forms are most common in the present.THE PAST FORMS had are more common without got
(i had a bad cold last week)
39
Common expressions with “have”?
to have a fight,to have a quarrel,to have a nervous breakdown
40
Present progressive
I am working
41
Repeatedly
without ending
42
When we use present simple as well?
We can’t use the simple present in commentaries instructions, stories and jokes, to describe events that happen one after another
43
When we use present progressive?
We use the present, progressive or present, continues to talk about things that are happening just around the time when we speak
(I’m working hard these days);
We use the present progressive to talk about changes that are happening
(Transport is getting worse)
44
When we use present simple
We use the simple present to describe events that happened one after another in commentaries and demonstrations. We also use the present present to ask for and give instructions.
45
Some common non-progressive verbs
Believe,forget,hate,know,like,love,mean,need,prefer,remember,seem,understand,want,agree,belong,contain,depend,matter,mind,own,realise,recognise,suppose
46
what are the most common ways to talk about the future?
with the going to structure - I’m really going to tell her what i think of her;
with the present progressive - we’re meeting Malcolm tomorrow;
with “will” - the treasurer will be in the office from 9.00 till 2.00;
future progressive - this time tomorrow i’ll be lying on the beach ;
be + infinitive - the president is to visit Scotland in September;
future in the past - I didn’t realise what would happen;
future perfect - i’ll have finished the job by supper time ;
future perfect progressive - future perfect progressive - next summer i’ll have been studying english for six years
47
Going to
- when a future situation is starting,or clearly on the way
48
going to (2 part)
We often use going to for plans and intentions,especially in conversation
49
when we use “will”?
We use will to give or ask for information about the future,when there is no reason to use a present verb form
50
About “will”?
We use will to give or ask for information about the future,when there is no reason to use a present verb-form - we will need the money on the 15th;
We often use will to predict the future - to say what we think ,guess or calculate will happen - tomorrow will be warm,with some cloud in the afternoon
51
Note about “will” but with using “shall”
We can say i shall and we shall instead of will and we will ,there is no difference of meaning in modern English.Will is more common
52
“Will you ..?» can introduce instructions,orders and requests;
Would you ..? is softer ,and can be used to make requests more polite
Will you get me a paper while you’re out?
Will you be quiet,please?;
Would you watch the children for a few minutes?
53
When we use present progressive and “going to)
We use the present progressive mostly for fixed plans with a definite time and/or place:
I’m going to see Ann some time soon;
I’m meeting Pat at the theatre at 8:00
54
Predictions : going to and will
Going to : we can see the future in the present: we see things coming or starting;
will : we think or believe things about the future
55
Future progressive
We can use the future progressive to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future - this time tomorrow i’ll be skiing.
56
We can use the future progressive to ask politely ‘ what have you already decided?’ Compare:
Will you stay in this evening?(request or order)
Are you going to stay in this evening?(perhaps pressing for a decision)
Will you be staying in this evening?(just asking about plans)
57
We can talk about the future by saying that something is to happen.we often use this structure to talk about official plans and fixed personal arrangements.
ALSO
You are (not) to can be used (for example by parents) to give a orders
I felt nervous because i was soon to leave home for the first time;
She can go out ,but she’s not to be back late
58
Future in the past:
She was a little nervous,because she was flying to America the next day
59
We can use the future perfect progressive to say how long something will have continued by a certain time:
NeXT Christmas i’ll have been teaching for twenty years
60
We use the past simple for complete finished actions.We often use it in stories:
A man walked into the library and asked..
61
Past tenses can make requests,questions and suggestions less direct,and so more polite:
I wondered if you were free this evening
62
We only use double letters in stressed syllables
preFER - preferred ,BUT. WONder - wondered
63
The past modal forms would ,could ,and might are often used in this way
I thought it would be nice;
You might see if the consulate can help you;
Could i ask you to translate this for me?
64
Past progressive ways can be used in the same way
I was wondering if I could use your phone
65
We use the present perfect to talk about past actions with some importance now
I’ve written to John ,so he knows what’s happening
