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Chemistry: Redox > Oxidation, Reduction And Redox > Flashcards

Oxidation, Reduction And Redox Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when an element is oxidised?

A

loses electrons

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2
Q

What happens when an element is reduced?

A

gains electrons

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3
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

species which gains electrons/ is an electron acceptor

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4
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

species which loses electrons/ is an electron donator

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5
Q

What does an oxidation state show in an ionic compound?

A

how many electrons are gained or lost

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6
Q

What does an oxidation state show in a molecule?

A

distribution of electrons between elements of different electronegativity

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7
Q

What are the main principles of oxidation states?

A

-elements in uncombined state are 0
-positive, element lost electrons, oxidised
-negative, element gained electrons, reduced
-sum of all oxidation states in compound is 0 as electrically neutral
-sum of all oxidation states in complex ion is the charge of the ion

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8
Q

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen?

A

+1 except in metal hydrides where it is -1

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9
Q

What is the oxidation state of group one elements?

A

Always +1

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10
Q

What is the oxidation state of group two elements?

A

Always +2

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11
Q

What is the oxidation state of aluminium?

A

Always +3

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12
Q

What is the oxidation state of oxygen?

A

-2 except in peroxides where it is -1 and in OF2 where it is +2

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13
Q

What is the oxidation state of fluorine?

A

Always -1

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14
Q

What is the oxidation state of chlorine?

A

-1 except in F and O where it is positive

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15
Q

How do we work out oxidation states?

A
  1. Start with correct formula
  2. Fill in elements you know oxidation states for
  3. Deduce other oxidation states
    *remember in a compound oxidation states add to 0 and in a complex ion they add to the charge of the ion
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16
Q

What happens to the oxidation state of a reduced element?

A

decreases

17
Q

What happens to the oxidation state of an oxidised element?

A

increases

18
Q

How can we balance redox equations using both our understanding of reduction, oxidation and oxidation states?

A
  1. Write oxidation state above each species
  2. Identify species reduced and species oxidised
  3. Write half equations for species reduced and species oxidised
  4. Balance number of electrons transferred for each half equation
  5. Include information in unbalanced redox equation
  6. Balance remaining atoms that haven’t been oxidised or reduced
19
Q

If a species is reduced where are the electrons gained?

A

Left hand side of equation

20
Q

If a species is oxidised where are the electrons lost?

A

Right hand side of the equation

21
Q

What is a disproportionation reaction?

A

atom of the same element has been both reduced and oxidised

Chemistry: Redox (1 decks)

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