Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry > Oxidative Phosphorilation > Flashcards

Oxidative Phosphorilation Flashcards

1
Q

Oxidative phosphorilation contains

A

Several steps of exergonic electron transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the __________ source of cellular ATP

A

Major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electron transport takes place in _____

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _____ encloses the matrix and includes _____

A

Inner mitochondrial matrix, specific transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

As electrons are being passed through _______, protons are pumped from the matrix into _______

A

The electron transport chain, intermembrane space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The generated _____ provides the energy for ATP synthesis

A

Proton concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ______ contain porins and therefore is permeable to most small molecules

A

Outer mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The _____ is impermeable to most molecules

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The inner membrane is ideal for maintaining ______

A

Concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The human body contains ______ of mitochondrial inner membrane, similar to 3 football fields

A

14,000 m^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ATP and ADP Transport in Mitochondria is ______

A

Tighly regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________ protein imports ADP and exports _____

A

ATP Translocase, ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A _____ permits simultaneous movement of ___ and H+

A

Symport, Pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Net ATP yield of ______ depends on how electrons from ________ are transported into the mitochondrial matrix

A

glucose catabolism, cytoplasmic NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The number of ____ transported by each complex is ____ , but it is widely accepted that ____ are transported per ____ molecule oxidized

A

Protons, unclear, 10 H+, NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

There are _____ protein complexes associate with the _____

A

four, electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_______ transfers electrons from ____ to Ubiquinone (Q)

A

Complex 1, NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and other processes also generate _______ ubiquinol (QH2)

A

Mitochondrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_______ is succinate dehydrogenase which produces ____

A

Complex 2, QH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____ transfers electrons from ubiquinol to reduce ____

A

Complex 3, cytochrome c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_______ transfers electrons from _____ to reduce O2 to _____

A

Complex 4, cytochrome c, H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reduction potential indicates how likely a molecule is to _____

A

Gain an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Electrons travel from molecules with the ____ , to molecules with the _____

A

Lowest reduction potential, highest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the electron transport chain, ____ is the reduced molecule which is the ______

A

NADH, initial source of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
________: NADH-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase
Complex 1
26
_______: Succinate-Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase
Complex 2
27
_____: Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase
Complex 3
28
_____ :Cytochrome C Oxidase
Complex 4
29
Complex 1 transfers electrons from____ to ______ (Q) to generate ______
NADH, Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol (QH2)
30
In complex 1, electrons transfer from _____ to _____, then from FMN to _____
NADH, FMN, Q
31
There are several co-factors required for electron transfer, including multiple ______
Iron-Sulfur Clusters (FeS)
32
______ is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2), which can diffuse through the membrane to ______
Ubiquinone, Complex 3
33
As electrons are transferred from _____ to ______, Complex 1 transfers _____ from the matrix to the intermembrane space
NADH, Ubiquinone, four protons
34
NADH initially transfers _______ to FMN, electrons are then transferred to a series of ______, ____ at a time
Two electrons, FeS clusters, one
35
Iron-sulfur clusters are coordinated with ____ thiols
Cys
36
Electrons from the FeS clusters are transferred ____at a time to _______
One, Ubiquinone (Q)
37
____ is fully reduced to ubiquinol (QH2) and diffuses through the membrane to _____
Ubiquinone, complex 3
38
______ reactions contribute to the ubiquinol pool
Oxidation-reduction
39
Succinate Dehydrogenase (______), produces ___ during the citric acid cycle
Complex 2, QH2
40
_________ (__), is also produced during fatty acid ________
Ubiquinol, QH2, oxidation
41
Electrons from ________ may enter the mitochondrial _____ pool through the _____ pathway
cytosolic NADH, ubiquinol, 3-phosphoglycerol
42
_____ transfers electrons from ubiquinol (QH2) to a series of _____ one electron at a time
Complex 3, cytochromes
43
____ are proteins with heme prosthetic groups
Cytochromes
44
Unlike the ____ groups in myoglobin and hemoglobin, the heme in _____ undergoes reversible _____ transfers
Heme, cytochrome c, one-electron
45
The central iron atom can be ___ (Fe3+) or ____ (Fe2+)
oxidized, reduced
46
In complex 3, ____ are transferred one at a time from ___ to _____
electrons, ubiquinol,cytochrome c
47
Reduced ____ transfers electrons to ______
Cytochrome c, complex 4
48
Transfer of two electrons from one molecule of ubiquinol to two molecules of _____ also pumps a total of _____ into the intermebrane space
Cytochrome c, four
49
The final recipient of electrons from ____ is cytochrome c which transfer one electron at a time to _____
Complex 3, Complex 4
50
Complex 4 ____ cytochrome c and ______ O2
oxidizes, reduces
51
______ (cytochrome oxidase), catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to form water
Complex 4
52
O2 is reduced to ___ through a series of FeS and copper (Cu) based _______ reactions in _____
H20, oxidation-reduction, complex 4
53
For every two electrons from cytochrome c, _____ are translocated into the intermembrane space
two protons
54
______ are transported per ubiquinol (QH2) molecule
6 protons
55
The _____ generated by the electron transport chain represents a source of ___ that can drive the formation of _____
proton gradient, free energy, ATP
56
The total free energy of the protonmotive force has a ______ and an ____ component
concentraiton, electrical
57
The protein that taps the electrochemical proton gradient to phosphorylate ___ is known as ______
ADP, ATP Synthase
58
ATP Synthase is also referred to as _____ of the ______
Complex 5, ETC
59
ATP Synthase is a ___ protein complex of _____
multisubunit, complexes
60
The ____ complex transports protons across the membrane along the ______
F0, proton gradient
61
The ___ complex is where _____ + ____ is converted to ATP
F1, ADP, Pi
62
______: F0F1 ATPase
ATP Synthase
63
_____ Synthase Rotates
ATP
64
A proton enters through the _____ subunit along its concentration gradient and binds to a ____
a, c subunit
65
The ___ subunit rotates away from the ____
c, a subunit
66
As a new ___ subunit reaches the a subunit a ___ is relased
c, proton
67
One rotation of the ring translocates 8 protons since there are 8 _____
c subunits
68
Proton transport down the gradient rotates the ___ subunit as the __ subunits turn
gamma, c
69
The ___ subunit changes the conformation of the ___ complex as it rotates
gamma, F1
70
The change in conformation of the _____ is couple to ATP synthesis
alpha-beta dimer
71
The alpha-beta subunits form ___ different conformations
Three
72
__ and ___ bind to the open conformation
ADP, Pi
73
____ is formed in the tight conformation
ATP
74
ATP is released in the ____ conformation
open
75
The ___ ratio describes the stoichiometry of oxidative phosphorylation
P:O
76
The P:O ratio is the number of _____ molecules produced per ____ atom ____
ATP, oxygen, reduced
77
The P:O ratios are based on the ____ movement of ATP ____ and linked to the number of ___ translocated per electron
mechanical, synthase, protons
78
The rate of ______ phosphorylation depends on the rate of _____
oxidative, fuel catabolism
79
Oxidative phosphorilation is regulated by the availability of ____ cofactors (____ and ____) produced by other metabolic processes
Reduced, NADH, QH2
80
_____ translocation drives the rotation of a portion of ATP _____
Proton, Synthase
81
_____-induced conformational changes allow ATP Synthase to bind ADP and Pi to phosphorylate ADP, and to relase ATP
Rotation
82
ATP (_) and ADP (_) are charge molecules, so they cannot freely diffuse across the mitochondrial membrane
-4,-3
83
Transport of ATP ___ the matrix is couple to transport of __ into the matrix
from, ADP
84
Pi uses the ____ gradient across the membrane created by ___ pumps of the ETC
H+, proton
85
ATP synthase ____ operate in the absence of ___
cannot, ADP
86
The proton gradient is ______ when ATP is abundant and ADP is scarce
not utilized
87
Electron flow along the ETC is inhibited when ATP is abundant and ADP is scarce, which leads to the accumulation of ____ and ____, which leads to the inhibition of the _____
NADH, FADH2, TCA Cycle
88
The inhibition of TCA cycle adds to inhibtion of ____
Glycolysis
89
Protonmotive force can also produce ____
heat
90
Body heat can be produced when protons run back along _____ without ______
the gradient, producing ATP
91
An alternative return route for the protons exists through an uncoupling protein in the inner membrane (_____)
Thermogenin
92
____ allows the return of protons to the matrix the protonmotive force ____ is released as _____
Thermogenin, energy, heat
93
Brown fat has high content of ___ molecules, (____), and higher number of ____ compared to normal cells
energy, fatty acids, mitochondria
94
_____ also have a higher than normal concentration of ____ in their inner membrane
Mitochondria, thermogenin

Biochemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions