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Biochemistry2288 > oxidative phosphorylation > Flashcards

oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

what is Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Oxidative phosphorylation is a cellular process that harnesses the reduction of oxygen to generate high-energy phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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2
Q

Identify and rank electron affinity of the 6 mitochondrial
electron carriers

A

Nicotinamide(NAD+)<Flavins(FAD+)<Iron-sulfur centers<ubiquinone(Q)<cytochromes<copper centers

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3
Q

where can we get nicotinamide

A

VB3,

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4
Q

what’s the abbrvation for nicotinamide?

A

NAD+, NADH

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5
Q

how many electrons could NAD+ accept?

A

2

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6
Q

where can we get flavins?

A

riboflavin VB2

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7
Q

what can flavins do?

A

FMN(complex I)/FAD(complex III)

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8
Q

how many electrons can FMN/FAD accept?

A

2

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9
Q

where can we find iron-sulfur center in electron-transport chain?

A

complex I

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10
Q

how many electrons could iron-sulfur center accept?

A

1

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11
Q

what’s unique about ubiquinone(Q) structure?

A

has a hydrophobic tail

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12
Q

ubiquinone(Q) is the oxidized form or reduced form

A

oxidized form

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13
Q

how many electrons is needed to fully reduce ubiquinone(Q)

A

2

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14
Q

what’s special about the structure of cytochrome?

A

Heme(Fe3)-containing proteins,

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15
Q

how many electrons could cytochrome accept?

A

1 (Fe3+ —–>Fe2+)

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16
Q

where can we find copper center?

A

complex IV

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17
Q

how many electrons could copper center accept?

A

1 (Cu2+ —> Cu+)

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18
Q

what’s the electron transport chain?

A

complex I(NADH)
Q—>complex III —->cytochrome c —->complex IV—>O2
Complex II (e from CAC)

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19
Q

how is NADH made in cytosol

A

During glycolysis, malate-aspartate shuttle moves electrons into matrix

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20
Q

net reaction of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I)

A

NADH + Q + 5H+(mat) —>NAD+ + QH2 + 4H+(IM)

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21
Q

name of complex I?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

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22
Q

how many protons pumped out after complex I? For every 1 NADH

A

4 H+

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23
Q

Copper ions are usually bound to proteins through which amino acid residue(s)？

A
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24
Q

Which statement best describes the normal proton-pumping activity of cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV)?

A
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25
Q

Which of the following members of the electron transport system is not a protein or a group of proteins?

A
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26
Q

Consider the electron carriers NADH and QH2. Which can be found at a significant concentration as a free molecule in the mitochondrial matrix?

A
27
Q

Consider the electron carriers NADH, QH2, and cytochrome c. Which of these is embedded directly in a lipid bilayer?

A
28
Q

proton movement direction electron transport chain in mitochrodia

A

protons from matrix to intermembrane space

29
Q

net reaction of complex I(NADH dehydrogenase)

A

NADH + Q + 5H+(mat) ——-NAD+ + QH2 + 4H+(IM)

30
Q

how many protons pumped out when every 1 NADH reacted at NADH dehydrogenase

A

4

31
Q

matrix part of complex I

A

L-shape, flavin and iron-sulfur center

32
Q

complex III name

A

Cytochrome b-c1 complex

33
Q

where’s cyt.c located, matrix or intermembrane space?

A

intermembrane space

34
Q

net reaction of complex III

A

QH2 + 2 cyt c (ox)+ 2H+(mat)——Q + 2 cyt c (red)+ 4H+(IM)

35
Q

how many protons pumped out for every 1 QH2 reacted at Cytochrome b-c1 complex

A

4

36
Q

Q-cycle and complex III

A

Complex III has two Coenzyme Q binding sites

37
Q

Complex III has two Coenzyme Q binding sites, which one has a higher affinity for Q? QH2?

A

matrix side, Q shape site
intermembrane side, QH2 shape

38
Q

net reaction of Qcycle

A

QH2 + 2 cyt c (ox) + 2H+(mat) ——-Q + 2 cyt c (red) + 4H+(IM)

39
Q

electron transport in Q-cycle

A
40
Q

proton pumped out during Q-cycle

A
41
Q

does Q-cycle have 2 rounds?

A

yes

42
Q

Complex IV name

A

Cytochrome oxidase complex

43
Q

Cyanide and complex IV

A

Cyanide -CN, will harm complexIV

44
Q

Net ETC reaction: NADH(hint: every oxygen needs 4 electrons)

A

2NADH + O2 + 22H+(mat) ——- 2NAD+ + 2H2O + 20H+(IM)

45
Q

Complex II name

A

succinate dehydrogenase
succinate + Q—-> fumarate + QH2

46
Q

proton pumped after succinate dehydrogenase?

A

0

47
Q

Net ETC reaction of QH2

A

2QH2 + O2 + 12H+(mat)——> 2Q + 2H2O + 12H+(IM)

48
Q

summary of proton pump, per NADH and per QH2

A

Oxidation of 1 matrix NADH pumps 10 protons;
oxidation of QH2 pumps 6

49
Q

Proton gradient from electron transport

A

Matrix pH ~ 7.9
intermembrane space pH~ 7.2=

50
Q

Net reaction of mammalian ATP synthase

A

2⅔ protons per ATP moved into matrix

51
Q

where’s ATP made in mitochondria

A

matrix

52
Q

Movement of ADP, Pi and ATP

A
53
Q

1 NADH allows synthesis and export of _____ ATP

A

2.5

54
Q

why 1 NADH could allow synthesis and export of 2.5 ATP

A

ATP synthesis needs 3 H+,ADP, Pi transport in and ATP out needs 1 H+, finally, 1NADH could move out 10 H+

55
Q

1 QH2 allows synthesis and export of ___ ATP

A

1.5

56
Q

why 1 QH2 allow synthesis and export of 1.5 ATP

A

ATP synthesis needs 3 H+,ADP, Pi transport in and ATP out needs 1 H+, finally, 1QH2 could move out 6 H+

57
Q

total ATP genesis from glucose to CO2

A

32 ATP equivalents

58
Q

ATP genesis during glycolysis

A

7 (2.5*2, +2)

59
Q

ATP genesis during pyruvate processing

A

5(2.5*2)+2CO2

60
Q

ATP equivalents produced in cirtric acid cycle

A

20 (2.56, +1.52,+2GTP)

61
Q

ATP synthase structure

A

F1Fo

62
Q

embeded structure of ATP synthase

A

Fo

63
Q
A

Biochemistry2288 (10 decks)

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