OXYGENATION

Question 1

What is the management given to adult patient experiencing bradycardia?

Answer 1

1 mg 3 doses of Atropine Sulfate

Question 2

What is the management done to pediatric patients experiencing bradycardia?

Answer 2

half dose (0.5) of epinephrine

Question 3

This condition refers to predictable and often triggered by an activity and can be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin.

Answer 3

Stable Angina

Question 4

Condition where it often triggered by coronary vasospasm

Answer 4

Variant Angina

Question 5

Medication used to manage angina pectoris

Answer 5

Nitrates/Nitroglycerine/Nitrostat

Question 6

Term used to define the universal sign of chest pain

Answer 6

Levine sign

Question 7

Defined as an individual holding a clenched fist over the chest that has a low sensitivity but is relatively specific for ischemia

Answer 7

Levine sign

Question 8

It is the drug of choice in treating or managing myocardial infarction

Answer 8

Morphine Sulfate - Narcotics/Opioids

Question 9

Important aspect to assess when administering morphine sulfate in patients diagnosed with MI

Answer 9

Assess for the RR - drug is a CNS downer

Question 10

Antidote used to manage magnesium sulfate toxicity

Answer 10

Naloxone (Narcan); Withdrawal (Methadone)

Question 11

What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial ischemia?

Answer 11

T wave inversion/depression

Question 12

What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial injury?

Answer 12

ST segment elevation

Question 13

What to expect in ECG results in patients with myocardial infarction?

Answer 13

Pathologic Q Waves (Bigger Q waves)

Question 14

Diseases that presents shortness of breath

Answer 14

-Pulmonary embolus
-COPD
-Asthma
-Pneumonia
-Pneumothorax

Question 15

Diseases that presents wheezing

Answer 15

-COPD
-Asthma
-Bronchitis
*diseases with bronchoconstriction or airway narrowing.

Question 16

Common causes of cough include:

Answer 16

Asthma, gastrointestinal reflux disease, infection, side effects of medications such ACE inhibitor

Question 17

A cough that worsens when the patient is in supine suggests

Answer 17

Postnasal drip (rhinosinusitis)

Question 18

Term used to describe the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

Answer 18

Hemoptysis

Question 19

Considered to be a very late indicator or sign of hypoxia

Answer 19

Cyanosis

Question 20

A condition commonly assessed in patients with chronic lung disease or chronic hypoxic conditions

Answer 20

Clubbing of the Fingers

Question 21

Result of over inflation of the lungs, which increases the anterior posterior diameter of the thorax.

Answer 21

Barrel Chest

Question 22

It is a hallmark sign of emphysema and COPD

Answer 22

Barrel Chest

Question 23

Depression in the lower portion of the sternum

Answer 23

Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)

Question 24

This assessment is often obtained in patients with rickets or Marfan syndrome

Answer 24

Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)

Question 25

Anterior displacement of the sternum which also increases the anterior posterior diameter

Answer 25

Pigeon Chest (Pectus Carinatum)

Question 26

Difference between MI and Angina Pectoris

Answer 26

MI is irreversible and Angina Pectoris reversible

Question 27

Common side effects of nitroglycerine

Answer 27

-Headache -Orthostatic Hypertension -Flushing of skin -Tachycardia -Dizziness

Question 28

Describe the mechanism or process behind the heart's conduction system.

Answer 28

SA node starts each heart beat and sets the pace> from the SA node the electrical impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause a contraction> Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed through the> bundle of his? left and right bundle branch> purkinje fibers> then spreads towards the ventricles

Question 29

Refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute

Answer 29

Cardiac Output

Question 30

How to compute for cardiac output?

Answer 30

stroke volume multiply by the heart rate.

Question 31

Refers to the amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart bear

Answer 31

Stroke Volume

Question 32

Stroke volume is primarily determined by what factors?

Answer 32

-preload -afterload -contractility

Question 33

Normal Pulse Pressure

Answer 33

30-40 mm Hg

Question 34

Decreased pulse pressure may indicate or suggests:

Answer 34

-HF -hypovolemia -shock -mitral regurgitation

Question 35

Cardiac biomarkers that indicates myocardial tissue cell death

Answer 35

(Troponin Increase) - Remarkable - 3 Hours (Myoglobin) - Mauuna - One hour (CK - Mb)- Kwatro - 4-6 hours increased (creatine kinase myocardial bond) (AST) - Aspartate aminotransferase - Increased 8 hours (LDH) - lactate dehydrogenase - increase in 1 day or 24 hrs

Question 36

What does "BE FAST" stands for and what does this indicate?

Answer 36

"BE FAST" warning signs of Stroke Balance Eyes (vision loss) Facial Dropping Arm drifting Slurred speech Time to call 911

Question 37

Manifestations of problems with right-sided heart function.

Answer 37

Peripheral and sacral edema, jugular vein distention, and organomegaly

Question 38

process whereby gases move from an area of high pressure to low pressure.

Answer 38

Diffusion *This includes during - Internal respiration - this is the movement in the internal tissues between cells and capillaries, and - External respiration - when gas is exchanged between the alveoli and lung capillaries.

Question 39

refers to the blood flow to tissues and organs. Alveoli are perfused by capillaries so the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can take place.

Answer 39

Perfusion

Question 40

sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm

Answer 40

Pulmonary embolism

Question 40

sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm

Answer 40

Pulmonary embolism

Question 40

sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm

Answer 40

Pulmonary embolism

Question 40

sudden dyspnea in bedridden patient is suspected withk,lljkm

Answer 40

Pulmonary embolism