OXYGENATION Flashcards
(26 cards)
ventilation
movement of gas in and out of lungs
diffusion
o2 and co2 exchange in alveoli
perfusion
distribution of new RBCs to tissues
tidal volume
amount of air exhaled following normal inspiration
alveoli
primary site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
what muscle group do males/females use in breathing
males= abdominal, female=thoracic
crackles/rales
fine to coarse bubbly sounds, air passing through fluid or collapsed small airways
wheezes
high pitch whistling, narrow obstructed airways
rhonchi
loud low pitch rumbling, fluid or mucous in airways, need to cough
vesicular sounds
low pitch, over most of lung
broncrovesicular
medium pitch, over mainstream bronchi
bronchial
high pitch, heard over trachea
bradypnea
rate is regular, but abnormally slow <12
tachypnea
rate is regular, but abnormally rapid >20
hyperpnea
respirations are labored, increased depth, increased rate >20, normal in exercise
apnea
Respirations cease for several seconds. persistent leads to resp arrest
hyperventilation
rate and depth of respirations increase. hypocarbia sometimes occurs
hypoventilation
RR is abnormally low, depth is depressed. hypercarbia sometimes occurs
how do you measure diffusion/perfusion
oxygen saturation
spo2 vs sao2
spo2 = measured by light transmission, peripheral,
95-98
sao2= arterial
work of breathing
effort to expand and contract lungs
compliance of lungs
how easily they can be expanded
factors affecting oxygenation
decreased oxygen carring capacity, hypovolemia, decreased inspired oxygen concentration, chest wall movement
what is the goal of ventilation
normal arterial carbon dioxide tension and normal arterial oxygenation tension
