Oxygenation (W8)

Question 1

Afebrile

Answer 1

No fever

Question 2

Antipyretic

Answer 2

Reduce fever

Question 3

Apical Pulse

Answer 3

Mid-clavicular 5th intercostal space

Question 4

Apnea

Answer 4

Stop Breathing

Question 5

Arrhythmia / Dysrhythmia

Answer 5

Heartbeat with an irregular rhythm

Question 6

Bradycardia

Answer 6

Slow heart rate, <60

Question 7

Bradypnea

Answer 7

Slow breathing, <12

Question 8

Cardiac Output

Answer 8

Amt of blood pumped into arteries

Question 9

Core Temperature

Answer 9

Amt of heat in deep tissue/orga

Question 10

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 10

Force when heart relaxes

Question 11

Dyspnea

Answer 11

Difficulty breathing

Question 12

Eupnea

Answer 12

Normal Breathing 12-20

Question 13

Exhalation / Expiration

Answer 13

Breathing out

Question 14

Febrile

Answer 14

Fever

Question 15

Hypertension

Answer 15

High BP. > 120/80

Question 16

Hyperthermia

Answer 16

High body temp. > 99.5

Question 17

Hyperventilation

Answer 17

Inc rate of breathing. Too much o2. >20

Question 18

Hypotension

Answer 18

Low BP. < 120/80

Question 19

Hypothermia

Answer 19

Low body temp. < 97.7%

Question 20

Hypoventilation

Answer 20

Dec rate of breathing. <12

Question 21

Inhalation / Inspiration

Answer 21

Breath in

Question 22

Orthopnea

Answer 22

Type of dyspnea where easier to breathe sitting up

Question 23

Orthostatic Hypertension

Answer 23

BP drops when standing up

Question 24

Peripheral Pulse

Answer 24

Pulse from hand/legs

Question 25

Point of maximal impulse (PMI)

Answer 25

Where pulse is most palpable

Question 26

Pulse Deficit

Answer 26

Differ in pusle btwn apical and radial AKA lack of peripheral perfussion

Question 27

Pulse Rhythm

Answer 27

Pattern of heart beat, time btwn beats, all consistant

Question 28

Respiration

Answer 28

Inhale/Exhale. Normal 12-20 per/min

Question 29

Stroke Volume

Answer 29

Amount of blood entering aorta at each contraction

Question 30

Systolic Pressue

Answer 30

BP in when heart contracts

Question 31

Tachycardia

Answer 31

Abnormaly fast heart beats. > 100 BPM

Question 32

Tachypnea

Answer 32

Abnormal fast respiratory rate, > 20

Question 33

Temperature

Answer 33

Differ btw heat made by body - lost in environment

Question 34

Vital Signs

Answer 34

Measures physiological functioning | Temp., Pulse, Respirations, Blood Pressure, Pulse Oxygen, Pain

Question 35

Acute Pain

Answer 35

Rapid onset and varies in intensity from mild to severe. Last 3-6 months

Question 36

Chronic Pain

Answer 36

Limited intermittent or persistant pain that can last beyond normal healing. AKA more than 6 months

Question 37

FLACC Scale

Answer 37

FACE, LEGS, ACTIVITY, CRY, CONSOLABILITY. | Measurement used to assess pain for children ages of 2m-7y or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain

Question 38

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

Answer 38

Asking the patient to rate his or her pain from 0 to 10

Question 39

PAINAD Scale

Answer 39

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia

Question 40

Wong - Baker Face pain rating Scale

Answer 40

Scale that shows a series of faces ranging from a happy face at 0 "no hurt" - to a crying face at 10 "hurts like the worst pain imaginable"

Question 41

Respiration System

Answer 41

- Gas Exchange - Organs from base of diaphragm - apex above first rib - R Lung 3 Lobes - Left lung 2 Lobes - Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiration, Perfusion

Question 42

Ventilation

Answer 42

Breathing - Breathing air in and out | Inhale - Active Exhale - Passive

Question 43

Respiration

Answer 43

Gas Exchange - Occurs by diffusion after alveoli are ventilated Diff of 02 from alveoli into pul blood vessels Diff of C02 from PBV to Alveoli

Question 44

Factors Influencing Diffusion of Gases in the Lungs

Answer 44

- Change in surface area available - Thickening of alveolar-capillary membrane - (Incomplete lung expansion or lung collapse- Atelectasis) - Partial pressure

Question 45

Perfusion

Answer 45

- 02 Transport from lungs to tissue - 97% attach to hemoglobin in RBC - 3% in plasma

Question 46

Factors that affect perfusion

Answer 46

- Cardiac output - The amount of blood flowing through the lungs - Erythrocytes and hematocrit - Activity level

Question 47

Respiratory regulation

Answer 47

- Resp. center in medulla oblongata in the brain stem - CO2 stimulates respiration - Chemoreceptors - Hypoxic drive

Question 48

Hypoxia

Answer 48

A Condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body

Question 49

Hypoxia S/S

Answer 49

``` Early: - Increased restlessness or light headedness, irritability, anxiety - Confusion, tachypnea, tachycardia - Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea - Flaring of nares, Decreased LOC Late : - Substernal or intercostal retractions - Cyanosis, Bradypnea, Bradycardia ``` Cynaosis - A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood. - Hypoxemia - reduced oxygen in the blood - Hypoventilation- Slow shallow breathes - Under expansion of lungs leading to decreased o2 levels - It may occur because of : - Diseases of the resp. muscle - Drugs or anesthesia - Hypercarbia or Hypercapnia - Increase CO2 in body

Question 50

Altered Breathing Patterns Related to :

Answer 50

Rate, Rythm, Depth/Volume, Ease or effort of respiration

Question 51

Altered Breathing Patterns r/t Rate :

Answer 51

``` Eupnea - nonlabored 12-20 BPM Tachypnea - abnormally fast <20 Bradypnea - abnormally slow >20 Apnea - Cease of respiration Kussmaul’s breathing - Abnormally deep breathing (strong inhale + exhale). R/T severe metabolic acidosis, seen with diabetic ketoacidosis. Body tries to rid of c02 (acid) ```

Question 52

Altered Breathing Patterns r/t Volume :

Answer 52

- Hypoventilation - slow shallow breathing leads to high c02 / low 02 levels. Caused by disease or drugs - Hyperventilation - fast shallow breathing leads to low c02 / high 02 levels. Exhale more than you inhale