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ANAT322 > Oxytocin > Flashcards

Oxytocin Flashcards

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1
Q

where are oxytocin neurons found

A

mainly in magnocellular neurons of PVN and SON. also in parvocellular PVN neurons

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2
Q

where is OT released? what type of cells reach that region?

A

posterior pituitary.
only magnocellular OT neurons reach post pituitary

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3
Q

in what structure is OT stored?

A

large dense core vesicles LDCVs

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4
Q

what are OT’s emotional functions?

A

analgesia, anxiolysis, positive mood

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5
Q

what are OT’s neuroendocrine functions?

A

anorexiant, attenuates HPA axis response to stress

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6
Q

how is OT increase during labour? what does it do?

A

OT increases uterine contractions during labour through increase in OT receptor expression

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7
Q

how does kisspeptin affect OT during late pregnancy?

A

kisspeptin increases OT release through increase of kisspeptin expression in periventricular neurons projecting to PNZ of SON

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8
Q

how does OT stimulate lactation?

A

it stimulates myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland to eject milk in the mammary ducts.

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9
Q

how is OT released when triggered by a baby cry?

A

in bursts

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10
Q

what is a difference in OT vs AVP release during parturition?

A

increases in both expression and release of OT are specific and timed.

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11
Q

what rats get an OT response triggered by kisspeptin? how?

A

late-pregnant rats only. maybe due to apparition of new excitatory kisspeptin projections.

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12
Q

what type of functional changes in magnocellular OT neurons happen during parturition and suckling?

A

OT and AVP coordinated metabolism and coordinated electrical activity

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13
Q

how many OT neurons fire simultaneously during parturition and suckling?

A

4 500

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14
Q

what types of plastic changes in OT neurons are observed during parturition and lactation? where?

A

glial retraction, increased somatic appositions, increased contact among dendrites (dendritic bundling)
in SON

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15
Q

what kind of synapses are usually found at somatic vs dendritic zones?

A

GABAergic or DA synapses at somatic region.
Noradrenergic in dendritic zone

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16
Q

electronic coupling of new synapses in SON OT neurons involves what?

A

dendritic priming

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17
Q

what is dendritic priming?

A

when an intracellular calcium release triggers peptide release from dendrites. it is enhance by K+ and TG

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18
Q

in what neurons do somatic apposition and dendritic priming take place?

A

magnocellular SON neurons

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19
Q

what increases OT later and longer than neuroendocrine secretion in blood?

A

priming of SON OT neurons by osmotic stimulation

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20
Q

where is plasma OT coming from?

A

from axonal release at posterior pituitary which goes into circulation

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21
Q

where is SON OT coming from?

A

from dendritic release

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22
Q

can parvo and magnocellular communicate?

A

yes parvocellular can synapse on magnocelullar OT neurons

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23
Q

what other than depolarization can also trigger axonal and somatodendritic OT release?

A

MC4Rs or TM proteins like CD38

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24
Q

what can OT bind to after somatodendritic release? to do what?

A

bind to autoreceptors and prime OT neurons for firing

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25
what's different between OT and AVP dendritic release?
unlike OT, dendritic AVP inhibits activity of AVP neurons in the SON
26
what other cells in the NTS are activated during parturition and increase OT activation?
noradrenergic cells
27
what triggers NTS noradrenergic cells activation?
uterine contractions (in the lab, OT neurons)
28
what do OT infusions cause?
uterine contraction, intermittent NA release, c-Fos expression in OT neurons in the SON through alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, activation of NA neurons in the NTS
29
is NA the only factor modulating OT neurons?
no! progesterone also does?
30
what does suckling induces?
large OT bursts of activity in SON and PVN
31
how do OT and VP cells respond to osmolality?
gradually (no bursts) increase their firing activity with elevated concentration of particles in plasma
32
what state is associated with high osmolality?
dehydration
33
OT synergizes with VP to promote what? where?
OT in the blood synergizes with VP on the kidney to promote natriuresis (salt excretion)
34
where do OT neurons get their osmotic input from?
directly from ECM osmotic pressure or from SFO and OVLT neurons that have osmoreceptors
35
osmotic input from SFO and OVLT osmoreceptors are excitatory or inhibitory?
both
36
where do SFO and OVLT neurons project to?
OT neurons in PVN and SON
37
how does stress affect OT secretion?
- increases OT in blood due to magnocellular OT neurons in SON and PVN releasing in post pituitary - increases somatodendritic OT release in PVN
38
why does stress increase OT secretion?
inhibit CRH neurons activation to reduce the HPA axis activity
39
what stress hormone increases central and peripheral OT release? how did we test this?
CORT; by removing adrenal glands
40
what hypothalamic OT neurons are the most important for food intake control?
parvocellular neurons projecting from the PVN to the NTS
41
through what other hormone does OT control hunger?
leptin
42
what does blood OT do in obese people?
reduce fat accumulation in adipocytes
43
what satiety signal can OT potentiate?
CCK
44
in what situation does OT not decrease apetite?
during pregnancy and lactation
45
leptin triggers Arc to produce what substances?
POMC and CART
46
POMC and CART activate what?
PVN parvocellular OT neurons
47
how are dominant mice affected by OT antagonist?
increased sugar consumption in social or lonely environment
48
what OT neurons participate in analgesia?
parvocellular OT PVN neurons projecting to SON and SC
49
what is OT's effect on parenting?
induces parenting behavior
50
how is OT increased around/after parturition?
increased CSF levels and increased OT receptors expression in the brain
51
what is the difference between male prairie voles and montane voles?
male prairie voles have higher OT receptor expression in the brain and are monogamous
52
where does the bond between partners in adulthood originate from?
from the mother-infant bond relying on overlapping brain areas and neurotransmitter systems (oxytocin, vasopressin, dopamine)
53
what nt does OT interact with to link a partner with reward system?
dopmaine
54
what happens to paternally deprived pups?
they mature slower than biparentally raised ones
55
what is mediated by OT signalling in the anterior cingulate cortex?
males consoling behavior after females are exposed to stress?
56
what "couples" have coordinated OT responses?
parents and child romantic partners (also cortisol)
57
what other 2 behaviors involve OT release?
interactions between friends acts of empathy
58
in what context might OT induce defensive behavior?
during "unsafe" social cues
59
how does OT affect people with autism?
promotes social information retention reduces repetitive behaviors
60
complete: ____ neurons tighlty control _____ neurons activity to regulate _______ OT release
parvocellular OT magnocellular OT peripheral
61
which OT neurons act as first responders to somatosensory input?
parvocellular
62
parvocellular OT neurons (but not magno) are innervated by what brain region involved in social touch?
insular cortex

ANAT322 (10 decks)

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