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P 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What do waves do ?

A

They transfer energy without transferring matter .

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2
Q

What are the two types of waves ?

A

Longitudinal and transverse waves

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3
Q

What is a transverse wave ?

A

All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves . The oscillations of a transverse waves are perpendicular to the direction in which the waves transfer energy .

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4
Q

What is a mechanical wave ?

A

Vibrations that travel through a medium .

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5
Q

What are example of mechanical waves ?

A

Sound waves , water waves , waves on springs and ropes and seismic waves produced by earthquakes .

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6
Q

Can a mechanical wave be a transverse or longitudinal wave ?

A

They can be both

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7
Q

What is an electromagnetic waves ?

A

These are waves can travel through a vaccum at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second .

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8
Q

What is are some examples of electromagnetic waves ?

A

Light waves , radio waves and microwaves

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9
Q

What is a longitudinal wave ?

A

The oscillations of a longitudinal wave are parallel to the direction in which the waves transfer energy .

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10
Q

What is the amplitude in a wave ?

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position .

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11
Q

What is a wavelength in the wave ?

A

The distance from one wave to another .

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12
Q

What is the peak of the wave ?

A

The top of the wave

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13
Q

What is the peak of the wave ?

A

The top of the wave

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14
Q

What is the frequency of waves ?

A

The number of waves passing a particular point every second .

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15
Q

What is the unit for frequency ?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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16
Q

What is the period in a wave ?

A

The period of a wave is the time taken for each wave to pass a fixed point .

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17
Q

What is the equation for the Period of a wave ?

A

Period = 1/frequency

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18
Q

How do you calculate wave soeed ?

A

Wavelength x frequency

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19
Q

What two waves can be reflected at the boundary of two different materials ?

A

Sound and light

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20
Q

What is the incident ray ?

A

The ray that hits the object from an angle

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21
Q

What is the reflected ray ?

A

The ray that is reflected from the point at which the incident ray hits in the other direction .

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22
Q

What is the refracted ray ?

A

When a wave changes speed and direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium . For example a light ray changes direction when refracted by a lens .

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23
Q

What are sound waves ?

A

The vibrations travelling through the air .

24
Q

Are sound waves easy to produce ?

25
How does a sound wave increase ?
Increase in Temprature
26
What three things can you do to investigate waves ?
A ripple tank String A signal generator and a loudspeaker
27
What are electromagnetic waves , in depth ?
Electric and magnetic disturbances that can be used to transfer energy from a source to an absorber.
28
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum ?
1. X-rays and gamma rays 2. Ultra-violet radiation 3. Visible light 4. Infared 5. Micro-waves 6. Radio waves
29
What is the difference between a long and short wavelength ?
Increase in energy and frequency when the waves get shorter
30
What is white light ?
Light from ordinary lamps and from the sun , this is because it contains all the colours of the spectrum .
31
Do all objects emit infared radiation ?
Yes
32
Is this statement true ? , ' the hotter the object is , the more radiation it emits ' .
Yes
33
Is infared radiation absorbed by you skin ?
Yes it can damage , burn , or kill skin cells .
34
What is an optical fibre ?
Thin glass
35
What is infared radiation used for ?
1. To detect tissue that is unhealthy 2. To see people in the dark 3. To heat objects up quickly
36
What do people use microwaves for ?
People use microwaves for communication and to heat food faster
37
What are radio waves used for?
Radio waves are used to carry radio , TV and mobile signals .
38
Why are microwave and radio waves hazardous ?
They can penetrate peoples bodies and can heat the internal parts of the body .
39
What is the required practical called for radiation ?
Leslie cube practical
40
What is a leslie cube ?
A hollow metal box made up of copper steel .
41
What are the four faces on the leslie cube ?
1. Mat black surface 2. White surface 3. Polished , shiny surface 4. Unpolished surface
42
What is the independent variable in the leslie cube practical ?
The colour and reflectivity of each surface on the cube
43
What is the dependent variable in the leslie cube practical ?
The temprature
44
What is the controlled variable for the leslie cube practical ?
The volume of water and the distance between the thermometer and cube.
45
What is the equipment used in the leslie cube practical ?
Cube , kettle , ruler , heat proof mat and infared thermometer
46
What is the method used in the leslie cube practical ?
1. Pour hot water into the leslie cube until it is full 2. Use a ruler to measure 10 cm from one surface of the leslie cube 3. Use an infared thermometer to measure the apparent temprature of the surface 4. Record the apparent temprature and the colour / reflectivity of the surface 5. Repeat for each of the different surfaces
47
What is visible light used for ?
Used to form images in cameras and video cameras , used in surgery .
48
What is ultraviolet radiation used for ?
Used for crime evidence , forged bank notes , passports and driving lisences .
49
What are x-rays used for ?
Used to produce medical images of broken bones .
50
What are gamma rays used for ?
Similar to x-rays / used to sterilise food by killing bacteria . Can treat cancer .
51
What are carrier waves ?
Waves that are used to carry any type of signal .
52
What do the wavelength of waves effect ?
- how far they can travel - how much they spread - how much information they carry
53
What does ultraviolet rays do to the body ?
They are harmful to the human eye and can cause blindness .
54
How are x rays and gamma rays both similar ?
They are both short wavelengthed and carry more energy
55
How do x-rays and gamma rays differ ?
X-rays are produced when electrons or other particles moving at high speeds are stopped Gamma rays can penetrate substances more than x-rays
56
What are three types of radiation ?
Alpha , beta and Gamma .
57
What is the radiation dose measured in ?
Sieverts (sv)

Physics Gcse (10 decks)

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